Publication Name	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Manuscript ID	6435
Country	Italy

Received	2013-10-18 09:47
Peer-Review Started	2013-10-21 11:55
To Make the First Decision	2013-12-25 18:03
Return for Revision	2014-01-02 15:29
Revised	2014-01-20 20:07
Second Decision	2014-02-19 11:18
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Company Editor-in-Chief	2014-02-19 11:42
Articles in Press
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor	2014-03-14 04:53
Typeset the Manuscript	2014-05-08 20:28
Publish the Manuscript Online	2014-05-20 15:49

ISSN	2150-5349 (online)
Open Access
Copyright
Article Reprints	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Autobiography
Article Title	Understanding and treating refractory constipation
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Gabrio Bassotti and Corrado Blandizzi
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Gabrio Bassotti, Professor, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 Perugia, Italy. gabassot@tin.it
Key Words	Chronic constipation; Laxatives; Medical treatment; Refractory constipation; Surgical treatment
Core Tip	The majority of patients affected by chronic constipation can be managed by conventional therapeutic approaches. However, a subset of constipated patients displays a condition of actual refractoriness to standard medical treatment, even after careful clinical re-evaluation. These patients require more in-depth diagnostic evaluations to ascertain the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as more intensive, targeted and tailored therapeutic approaches, which may rely on the use of newly released drugs (enterokinetics, enteric secretagogues), rehabilitation (biofeedback), invasive measures (sacral neuromodulation, local injection of botulinum toxin, antegrade continence enemas) and surgical procedures (subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis or stapled transanal rectal resection).
Publish Date	2014-05-20 15:49
Citation	Bassotti G, Blandizzi C. Understanding and treating refractory constipation. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014; 5(2): 77-85
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v5/i2/77.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i2.77

Full Article (PDF)	WJGPT-5-77.pdf
Full Article (Word)	WJGPT-5-77.doc
Manuscript File	6435-Review.doc
Answering Reviewers	6435-Answering reviewers.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	6435-Copyright assignment.pdf
Peer-review Report	6435-Peer reviewer(s).pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	6435-Scientific editor work list.doc