Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	108724
Country	Israel

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Retrospective Study
Article Title	Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Lior Carmon, Yoav Bachar, Amit S Babiev, Itai Hazn, Eli Hershkovitz, David Shaki, Neta Loewenthal, Alon Haim and Guy Hazan
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Lior Carmon, MD, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, 151 Rager Street, Beer-Sheva 8457108, Israel. liorca2@clalit.org.il
Key Words	Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Coronavirus disease 2019; Seasonality; Pathogenesis; Viral trigger
Core Tip	This population-based study assessed incidence and seasonality of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A higher rate of new-onset T1DM and diminished seasonal pattern were observed during the pandemic, coinciding with reduced circulation of common respiratory viruses due to lockdown measures. These findings suggest respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus-2, may serve as environmental triggers for T1DM. Weak positive correlations were identified between T1DM incidence and respiratory viruses (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, influenza). The results support a potential link between viral exposure and T1DM pathogenesis, highlighting the need for further research into underlying mechanisms and preventive strategies.
Citation	Carmon L, Bachar Y, Babiev AS, Hazn I, Hershkovitz E, Shaki D, Loewenthal N, Haim A, Hazan G. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study. World J Diabetes 2025; In press

Received	2025-04-24 05:55
Peer-Review Started	2025-04-25 00:05
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-05-14 04:07
Revised	2025-05-25 07:17
Second Decision	2025-07-02 09:24
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-07-09 07:49
Articles in Press	2025-07-09 07:49
Publication Fee Transferred	2025-05-29 11:32
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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