Publication Name	World Journal of Nephrology
Manuscript ID	110882
Country	Pakistan

Category	Immunology
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in kidney disease: Risk factors, immunopathogenesis and diagnosis
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Khawar Abbas, Rubina Naqvi, Wajiha Musharraf, Muhammed Mubarak and Jawahar Lal
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Khawar Abbas, Professor, Department of Immunology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Chand Bibi Road, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan. drkhawar_imuno@yahoo.com
Key Words	Antiphospholipid syndrome; Antiphospholipid nephropathy; Antiphospholipid antibodies; Thrombosis; Allograft; Kidney infarction
Core Tip	Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) such as anticardiolipin, anti-β2 glycoprotein 1, and lupus anticoagulant. Renal involvement is a significant yet underrecognized complication of both primary and secondary APS. Manifestations include renal artery and vein thrombosis, APS nephropathy (APSN), and renal allograft thrombosis. APSN, a hallmark of renal APS, results from vaso-occlusive injury to the intrarenal microvasculature. Accurate diagnosis and risk assessment remain challenging due to evolving criteria and heterogeneous presentation. This review consolidates current evidence on APS and APSN, emphasizing risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches.
Citation	Abbas K, Naqvi R, Musharraf W, Mubarak M, Lal J. Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in kidney disease: Risk factors, immunopathogenesis and diagnosis. World J Nephrol 2025; In press

Received	2025-06-18 09:49
Peer-Review Started	2025-06-18 09:49
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-06-24 10:57
Revised	2025-07-08 07:37
Second Decision	2025-10-13 02:46
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-10-13 03:43
Articles in Press	2025-10-13 03:43
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Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-6124 (online)
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