Publication Name	World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
Manuscript ID	111501
Country	Egypt

Category	Pediatrics
Manuscript Type	Systematic Reviews
Article Title	Gastrointestinal consequences of cesarean section birth: A systematic review of short- and long-term effects in infancy and beyond
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Mohammed Al-Beltagi, Salman Alzayani, Nermin Kamal Saeed, Adel Salah Bediwy, Archana Prabu Kumar, Hosameldin A Bediwy and Reem Elbeltagi
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Mohammed Al-Beltagi, Academic Editor, Chairman, Consultant, Head, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, 1 Hassan Radwan Street, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt. mbelrem@hotmail.com
Key Words	Cesarean section; Gut microbiota; Infantile colic; Functional gastrointestinal disorders; Food allergy; Inflammatory bowel disease; Dysbiosis; Probiotics; Breastfeeding
Core Tip	Cesarean section (C-section) delivery is associated with altered neonatal gut microbiota and a higher risk of both short- and long-term gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. This systematic review summarizes evidence linking C-section to infantile colic, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease. The review highlights gut dysbiosis as a central mechanism and identifies modifiable factors—including breastfeeding, probiotic use, and reduced antibiotic exposure—that can mitigate risks. Understanding these associations enables clinicians to provide personalized postnatal care and early interventions that may prevent chronic GI outcomes in C-section-born infants.
Citation	Al-Beltagi M, Alzayani S, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Prabu Kumar A, Bediwy HA, Elbeltagi R. Gastrointestinal consequences of cesarean section birth: A systematic review of short- and long-term effects in infancy and beyond. World J Clin Pediatr 2025; In press

Received	2025-07-01 09:23
Peer-Review Started	2025-07-01 09:24
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-08-06 10:36
Revised	2025-08-07 21:13
Second Decision	2025-11-14 02:42
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-11-14 06:38
Articles in Press	2025-11-14 06:38
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2219-2808 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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