Publication Name	World Journal of Psychiatry
Manuscript ID	114457
Country	South Korea

Category	Psychiatry
Manuscript Type	Letter to the Editor
Article Title	Further insights into the efficacy and moderators of transcranial alternating current stimulation for working memory
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Haewon Byeon
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) NRF-RS-2023-00237287
Corresponding Author	Haewon Byeon, Associate Professor, Director, PhD, Department of Future Technology, Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeol-ro, Cheonan 31253, South Korea. bhwpuma@naver.com
Key Words	Theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation; Working memory; Meta-analysis; Publication bias; N-back task
Core Tip	The meta-analysis by Hou et al on theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (theta-tACS) for working memory in healthy adults reveals a complex picture. An initial moderate effect was nullified after correcting for significant publication bias, urging caution in interpreting efficacy. However, the study's key contribution lies in its detailed moderator analysis. It found that theta-tACS significantly enhances performance on N-back tasks, but not delayed match-to-sample tasks. Furthermore, the effectiveness in N-back tasks was moderated by stimulation parameters like frequency (fixed > personalized) and duration. These nuanced findings are crucial for designing future, more targeted transcranial alternating current stimulation protocols for both cognitive enhancement and potential clinical applications in psychiatric disorders with working memory deficits.
Citation	Byeon H. Further insights into the efficacy and moderators of transcranial alternating current stimulation for working memory. World J Psychiatry 2025; In press

Received	2025-09-19 08:55
Peer-Review Started	2025-09-19 08:55
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-10-24 10:56
Revised	2025-10-30 12:09
Second Decision	2025-11-21 02:36
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-11-21 07:59
Articles in Press	2025-11-21 07:59
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-3206 (online)
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