Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	115328
Country	Italy

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Retrospective Cohort Study
Article Title	Environment and diabetes: Is there an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and phenotypic variation in diabetes?
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Francesca Pecori Giraldi and Olivia Leoni
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Francesca Pecori Giraldi, Associate Professor, Dept. Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, via Commenda 19, Milan 20122, Lombardy, Italy. francesca.pecorigiraldi@unimi.it
Key Words	Diabetes; Environment; COVID-19 pandemic; Heterogeneity; Cardiovascular disease; Diagnosis
Core Tip	Development of diabetes is linked to the environment and major changes in lifestyle are known to affect incident diabetes. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represented a major environmental effect, but no study has yet evaluated its impact on diabetes phenotype. In this study we compared adults with diabetes diagnosed during the pandemic in Lombardy, one of the hardest hit Italian regions, with individuals diagnosed prior to 2020. We observed a greater incidence of diabetes in younger individuals without cardiovascular comorbidities during 2020-2021 suggesting that a potent environmental factor, such as the pandemic, may affect the phenotype of incident diabetes.
Citation	Pecori Giraldi F, Leoni O. Environment and diabetes: Is there an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and phenotypic variation in diabetes? World J Diabetes 2026; In press

Received	2025-10-14 01:33
Peer-Review Started	2025-10-14 03:17
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-11-24 12:11
Return for Revision	2025-11-24 12:11
Revised	2025-12-08 14:38
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-02-04 02:48
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-04 10:35
Articles in Press	2026-02-04 10:35
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
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