Publication Name	World Journal of Hepatology
Manuscript ID	117049
Country	Indonesia

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Meta-Analysis
Article Title	Carvedilol and nonselective-beta-blockers vs endoscopic ligation for prophylaxis of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Resha Dermawansyah Rusman, Muhammad Luthfi Parewangi, Fardah Akil, Nu'man A S Daud, Rini R Bachtiar, Susanto Hendra Kusuma, Amelia Rifai and Akiko Syawalidhany Tahir
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Resha Dermawansyah Rusman, MD, Principal Investigator, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. reshadermawan@unhas.ac.id
Key Words	Cirrhosis; Portal hypertension; Carvedilol; Endoscopic variceal ligation; Primary prophylaxis
Core Tip	This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that carvedilol, a nonselective beta-blocker, is superior to endoscopic variceal ligation for the primary prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. Carvedilol significantly decreases the risk of first variceal bleeding compared to endoscopic variceal ligation. It is associated with different adverse event profiles, highlighting its potential as the preferred first-line prophylactic therapy, especially in settings where resources are limited. This evidence supports a paradigm shift in global practice toward greater adoption of nonselective beta-blockers such as carvedilol for primary prophylaxis.
Citation	Rusman RD, Parewangi ML, Akil F, Daud NAS, Bachtiar RR, Kusuma SH, Rifai A, Tahir AS. Carvedilol and nonselective-beta-blockers vs endoscopic ligation for prophylaxis of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2026; In press

Received	2025-12-01 01:57
Peer-Review Started	2025-12-01 01:57
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-12-18 09:27
Return for Revision	2025-12-18 09:27
Revised	2026-01-01 08:04
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-02-25 02:38
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-25 07:43
Articles in Press	2026-02-25 07:43
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-5182 (online)
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