Publication Name	World Journal of Virology
Manuscript ID	117124
Country	Italy

Category	Ophthalmology
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Matteo Capobianco, Francesco Cappellani, Federico Visalli, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, Simonetta Gaia Nicolosi, Marieme Khouyyi, Fabiana D’Esposito, Caterina Gagliano and Marco Zeppieri
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Marco Zeppieri, Consultant, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p. le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy. mark.zeppieri@asufc.sanita.fvg.it
Key Words	Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis; Pediatric ophthalmology; Delayed-type hypersensitivity; Staphylococcus aureus; Tuberculosis; Ocular rosacea; Viral infection; Herpes simplex virus; COVID; Molluscum contagiosum
Core Tip	Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity disorder that often affects children. Triggers vary by setting: Mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis-endemic areas; staphylococcal lid disease and ocular rosacea elsewhere. A minority of cases have viral associations [herpes simplex virus (HSV), coronavirus disease, molluscum contagiosum, etc.] that mirror the same antigen-driven mechanism and should be managed by addressing the viral source-antivirals when HSV is plausible and excision/ablation for eyelid molluscum-alongside brief steroids, lid hygiene, targeted antibiotics, and topical cyclosporine to reduce recurrences and steroid burden.
Citation	Capobianco M, Cappellani F, Visalli F, Avitabile A, Gagliano G, Nicolosi SG, Marieme Khouyyi, D’Esposito F, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers. World J Virol 2026; In press

Received	2025-12-01 00:52
Peer-Review Started	2025-12-01 09:12
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-12-24 10:17
Return for Revision	2025-12-24 10:17
Revised	2025-12-30 17:04
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-02-05 02:41
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-05 12:55
Articles in Press	2026-02-05 12:55
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-3249 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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