Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	117489
Country	China

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Observational Study
Article Title	Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity in euthyroid type 2 diabetes: Linear estimates and low-range threshold
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Chun-Yan Zhu, Zi-Ru Fang, Liang-Yan Hua, Hui Jin, Xin-Yi Xu, Xiang-Lan Liu, Yi-Ming Zhang and Zi-Chen Rao
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Zi-Chen Rao, MD, Endocrinology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 100 Minjiang Dadao, West District,, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China. rzc1522@wmu.edu.cn
Key Words	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Free triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine ratio; Thyroid hormone sensitivity; Type 2 diabetes; Nonlinear association; Restricted cubic splines; Piecewise regression
Core Tip	In a real-world cohort of euthyroid adults with type 2 diabetes, we examined the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the free triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio, a pragmatic circulating proxy of peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity. Using multivariable models with restricted cubic splines and segmented regression, we identified a low-range threshold around 14.7 ng/mL: The positive gradient was steeper below this level and was attenuated above it. The overall pattern was broadly consistent across prespecified subgroups, with attenuation among current drinkers. These findings are associative and require longitudinal or interventional confirmation.
Citation	Zhu CY, Fang ZR, Hua LY, Jin H, Xu XY, Liu XL, Zhang YM, Rao ZC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity in euthyroid type 2 diabetes: Linear estimates and low-range threshold. World J Diabetes 2026; In press

Received	2025-12-09 00:46
Peer-Review Started	2025-12-09 08:14
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-12-30 05:59
Return for Revision	2025-12-30 05:59
Revised	2026-01-10 08:08
Publication Fee Transferred	2026-01-13 05:10
Second Decision by Editor	2026-02-04 02:55
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief	2026-02-10 20:49
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-11 06:36
Articles in Press	2026-02-11 06:36
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ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
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