Publication Name	World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
Manuscript ID	119109
Country	Colombia

Category	Pediatrics
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Clinical and Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Developmental Disabilities: A Narrative Review (1990–2025)
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Víctor Hugo Estupiñán-Pérez, Ángela María Jiménez-Urrego and Alejandro Botero Carvajal
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Alejandro Botero Carvajal, PhD, Senior Researcher, School of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, 5th Street, No. 62-00, Pampalinda Neighborhood, Cali 760001, Colombia. alejandro.botero00@usc.edu.co
Key Words	Developmental disabilities; Neurodevelopmental outcomes; Risk factors; Cardiac surgery; Maternal mental health; Early intervention; Telehealth; COVID-19; Socioeconomic status; Children
Core Tip	Developmental disabilities arise from the interaction of clinical factors (cardiac surgery, neonatal complications) and environmental determinants (maternal mental health, poverty, COVID-19-related disruptions). Cardiac surgery outcomes are largely driven by perioperative complexity and intensive care morbidity rather than surgical technique alone. Maternal mental illness shows strong associations with adverse child outcomes, and multidomain, family-centered early interventions—including telehealth delivery—produce meaningful improvements across developmental domains. Pediatric systems should integrate systematic developmental surveillance, caregiver mental health care, and equitable access to early intervention, especially for children whose early years overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Citation	Estupiñán-Pérez VH, Jiménez-Urrego ÁM, Botero Carvajal A. Clinical and environmental risk factors for childhood developmental disabilities: A narrative review (1990-2025). World J Clin Pediatr 2026; In press

Received	2026-01-20 01:33
Peer-Review Started	2026-01-20 01:34
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-01-23 08:17
Return for Revision	2026-01-23 08:17
Revised	2026-02-05 19:55
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-03-26 02:35
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-03-26 08:25
Articles in Press	2026-03-26 08:25
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2219-2808 (online)
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