Publication Name	World Journal of Experimental Medicine
Manuscript ID	119306
Country	India

Category	Medicine, General & Internal
Manuscript Type	Prospective Study
Article Title	Comparative evaluation of staining protocols for detecting intracellular bacterial communities and biofilm formation in UTIs with E. coli
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Swathi Pandey, Arul Senghor Kadalangudi Aravaanan, Emmanuel Bhaskar and Santhi Silambanan
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number Founder Chancellor Shri. N.P.V. Ramasamy Udayar Research Fellowship, SRIHER No. U022300967
Corresponding Author	Santhi Silambanan, MD, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India. santhisilambanan@sriramachandra.edu.in
Key Words	Urinary tract infections; Intracellular bacterial communities; Biofilm formation; Sustainable Development Goals-3; Escherichia coli
Core Tip	Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) are persistent through formation of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) and biofilms, which are not detected by conventional diagnostic techniques. This work was designed to compare Sternheimer-Malbin, Wright-Giemsa, Safranin, and immunofluorescent staining methods for the detection of IBCs in urinary sediments. Compared with Wright-Giemsa and Sternheimer-Malbin, immunofluorescence was proven to have a higher detection rate for diagnosing IBCs. The results underscore the importance of novel diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies directed not only towards intracellular but also biofilm-embedded bacteria for the successful treatment of UTIs.
Citation	Pandey S, Aravaanan ASK, Bhaskar E, Silambanan S. Detection of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilms in urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli using staining protocols. World J Exp Med 2026; In press

Received	2026-01-26 01:45
Peer-Review Started	2026-01-26 01:46
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-10 10:28
Return for Revision	2026-02-10 10:28
Revised	2026-02-13 05:24
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-04-02 02:34
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-04-02 08:12
Articles in Press	2026-04-02 08:12
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-315x (online)
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