Publication Name	World Journal of Clinical Cases
Manuscript ID	119557
Country	Pakistan

Category	Orthopedics
Manuscript Type	Retrospective Cohort Study
Article Title	Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Raja Muhammad Mussab, Sharjeel Khan, Hadia Javed, Shehanshah Muhammad Arqam, Shehzadi Rimsha and Safeer Ahmad Javaid
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Raja Muhammad Mussab, T&O, Orthopaedics and Trauma, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PA, Raja Muhammad Mussab <email>mussabafaq@hotmail.com</email>, Karachi 75510, Sindh, Pakistan. mussabafaq@hotmail.com
Key Words	Tibia; Non unions; Bone morphogenetic protein; Bone grafts; Fractures; Healing; Fractures
Core Tip	Non-union of tibial fractures remains a significant challenge in orthopaedic trauma practice, often associated with prolonged morbidity and a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have emerged as a promising biological agent in fracture healing; however, their use in clinical practice, either alone or in combination with bone grafting techniques, remains variable and sometimes controversial due to cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes. Our study directly compares the outcomes of BMP use alone vs in combination with autologous bone grafts in managing tibial non-unions. This manuscript contributes provides valuable insights that can aid clinical decision-making, particularly in resource-limited settings where the optimal use of biologics must be balanced against surgical and economic factors.
Citation	Mussab RM, Khan S, Javed H, Arqam SM, Rimsha S, Javaid SA. Bone morphogenetic protein alone vs in combination with bone graft in management of non-union of tibia fractures. World J Clin Cases 2026; In press

Received	2026-02-02 01:14
Peer-Review Started	2026-02-02 01:14
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-27 08:49
Return for Revision	2026-02-27 08:49
Revised	2026-03-08 18:53
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-04-09 02:32
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-04-09 03:54
Articles in Press	2026-04-09 03:54
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2307-8960 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com