Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	119604
DOI	10.4239/wjd.119604
Country	China

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Clinical Trials Study
Article Title	Metabolic feature-based clustering for subtype identification and longitudinal outcome predictions in the Chinese prediabetic population
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Shu-Han Zhang, Jin-Ping Zhang, Lu-Lu Song, Li-Li Wu, Zhao-Qin Li, Yi-Fan He, Rui-Fen Deng, Wan-Lu Ma, Cong Zhang, Bo Zhang and Li-Ping Yu
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding 2025-NHLHCRF-JBGS-B-WZ-01 National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFC1313902
Corresponding Author	Bo Zhang, MD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China. zhangbo@zryhyy.com.cn
Key Words	Prediabetes; Metabolic subtypes; Longitudinal outcomes; Lifestyle intervention; Risk stratification
Core Tip	Using unsupervised k-means clustering of core metabolic features, we identified four clinically meaningful prediabetes subtypes: Mild obesity-related dysmetabolism, mild age-related dysmetabolism, severe insulin resistance, and severe insulin deficiency. Among them, mild obesity-related dysmetabolism showed a clear metabolic advantage over mild age-related dysmetabolism, with a lower risk of progression to diabetes and a greater chance of reverting to normal glucose tolerance. Although enhanced lifestyle management was associated with reduced progression risk, metabolic subtype membership, not intervention exposure, was the main driver of outcome heterogeneity, highlighting its value for baseline risk stratification and precision prevention.
Citation	Zhang SH, Zhang JP, Song LL, Wu LL, Li ZQ, He YF, Deng RF, Ma WL, Zhang C, Zhang B, Yu LP. Metabolic feature-based clustering for subtype identification and longitudinal outcome predictions in the Chinese prediabetic population. World J Diabetes 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.119604

Received	2026-02-07 02:52
Peer-Review Started	2026-02-10 00:01
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-02-25 07:49
Return for Revision	2026-02-25 07:49
Revised	2026-03-13 01:37
Publication Fee Transferred	2026-03-15 08:56
Second Decision by Editor	2026-06-01 02:34
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-06-03 09:08
Articles in Press	2026-06-03 09:08
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
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