Publication Name	World Journal of Experimental Medicine
Manuscript ID	121046
Country	United States

Category	Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Genetic and biological determinants of pulmonary embolism: Insights from Mendelian randomization studies
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Rupak Desai, Darsh Patel, Abhishek Prasad, Navya Mandalapu, Jai Nagarajan, Ananth Guddeti, Sourabh Khatri, Warda Shahnawaz, Abdul Aleem, Adil S Mohammed, Umera Yasmeen and Muhammad Usman Ghani
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Muhammad Usman Ghani, Assistant Professor, MD, Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 1632 Stone St, Saginaw, MI 48602, United States. usmanghani162@gmail.com
Key Words	Pulmonary embolism; Mendelian randomization; Matrix metalloproteinases; Immune dysregulation; Renal dysfunction; Genetic epidemiology; Thrombosis; Risk factors
Core Tip	Mendelian randomization evidence indicates that matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-19 may be associated with increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), while MMP-12 may exhibit an inverse association. Reduced kidney function appears to have a potential genetic association with PE susceptibility. Immune pathways involving HLA-DR-positive natural killer cell traits and gut microbiota-related factors, such as Clostridium innocuum, Butyricicoccus, and Actinobacteria, may also contribute to PE susceptibility. In contrast, no consistent associations were observed for type 2 diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, or epigenetic age acceleration. These findings underscore emerging biological pathways in PE; however, they should be interpreted cautiously, as they are hypothesis-generating and require further validation.
Citation	Desai R, Patel D, Prasad A, Mandalapu N, Nagarajan J, Guddeti A, Khatri S, Shahnawaz W, Aleem A, Mohammed AS, Yasmeen U, Ghani MU. Genetic and biological determinants of pulmonary embolism: Insights from Mendelian randomization studies. World J Exp Med 2026; In press

Received	2026-03-16 00:43
Peer-Review Started	2026-03-16 00:47
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-03-27 10:47
Return for Revision	2026-03-27 10:47
Revised	2026-04-13 17:06
Publication Fee Transferred	2026-04-17 13:35
Second Decision by Editor	2026-04-28 02:42
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-04-28 05:56
Articles in Press	2026-04-28 05:56
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-315x (online)
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