Publication Name	World Journal of Biological Chemistry
Manuscript ID	121278
DOI	10.4331/wjbc.121278
Country	Greece

Category	Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Calcified coronary artery disease: Mechanisms, risk factors and clinical consequences
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Anastasios Apostolos, Theoni Theodoropoulou, Paschalis Karakasis, Panagiotis Iliakis, Nikolaos Tsiamis, Nikias Milaras, Ioannis Skalidis, Kiriaki Evdaimon, Marios Sagris, Maria Drakopoulou, Andreas Synetos, George Latsios, Konstantinos Tsioufis and Konstantinos Toutouzas
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, FESC, MD, First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 114, Athens 11527, Greece. nikosktenop@gmail.com
Key Words	Coronary artery calcification; Atherosclerosis; Intravascular imaging; Calcified nodule; Percutaneous coronary intervention
Core Tip	Coronary artery calcification reflects both atherosclerotic burden and lesion complexity. While extensive sheet-like calcium is often associated with stable plaque, spotty calcification and eruptive calcified nodules may increase thrombotic risk. Intracoronary imaging with intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography enables accurate calcium assessment and guides appropriate lesion preparation. A phenotype-driven approach may improve stent expansion and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for calcified coronary artery disease.
Citation	Ktenopoulos N, Apostolos A, Theodoropoulou T, Karakasis P, Iliakis P, Tsiamis N, Milaras N, Skalidis I, Evdaimon K, Sagris M, Drakopoulou M, Synetos A, Latsios G, Tsioufis K, Toutouzas K. Calcified coronary artery disease: Mechanisms, risk factors and clinical consequences. World J Biol Chem 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.121278
PDF	121278-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-03-22 02:56
Peer-Review Started	2026-03-22 02:57
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-04-22 10:56
Return for Revision	2026-04-22 10:56
Revised	2026-05-19 07:48
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-06-16 02:33
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-06-16 09:12
Articles in Press	2026-06-16 09:12
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1949-8454 (online)
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Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
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