Publication Name	World Journal of Orthopedics
Manuscript ID	123237
DOI	10.5312/wjo.123237
Country	Greece

Category	Orthopedics
Manuscript Type	Editorial
Article Title	Beyond visible blood loss: Rethinking perioperative bleeding in endoscopic spine surgery
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Stylianos Kapetanakis and Byron Chalidis
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Byron Chalidis, Assistant Professor, MD, PhD, First Academic Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Exohi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece. byronchalidis@gmail.com
Key Words	Hidden blood loss; Endoscopic spine surgery; Unilateral biportal endoscopy; Lumbar spinal stenosis; Perioperative blood loss; Minimally invasive spine surgery
Core Tip	Hidden blood loss (HBL) represents a substantial and often underestimated component of perioperative bleeding in endoscopic spine surgery. As highlighted by recent evidence, irrigation-based techniques may obscure ongoing hemorrhage, which creates a disconnect between visible and physiological blood loss. While HBL is consistently observed across endoscopic procedures, its predictors remain context-dependent and its clinical relevance is not yet fully defined. Rather than relying on visible intraoperative blood loss alone, clinicians should interpret perioperative bleeding within a broader framework that accounts for procedural complexity and patient factors.
Citation	Kapetanakis S, Chalidis B. Beyond visible blood loss: Rethinking perioperative bleeding in endoscopic spine surgery. World J Orthop 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.123237
PDF	123237-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-05-18 07:41
Peer-Review Started	2026-05-18 07:42
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-06-22 08:08
Revised	2026-07-11 21:01
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-07-23 07:39
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-07-28 12:31
Articles in Press	2026-07-28 12:31
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2218-5836 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com