Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	123286
DOI	10.4239/wjd.123286
Country	Malaysia

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Exosomes as emerging mediators and therapeutic vehicles in painful diabetic neuropathy: From pathophysiology to clinical translation
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Idris Long and Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number Fundamental Research Grant Scheme of the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia No. FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/USM/02/8
Corresponding Author	Idris Long, Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. idriskk@usm.my
Key Words	Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Painful diabetic neuropathy; Neuropathic pain; MicroRNA; Mesenchymal stem cells; Neuroinflammation; Biomarkers; Nanoparticle drug delivery; Central sensitization
Core Tip	Exosomes play a central role in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) by mediating pathological intercellular signaling while also serving as promising therapeutic vehicles targeting neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and pain sensitization. Circulating exosomal microRNA and protein signatures are promising candidate biomarkers, but their clinical application is currently limited by the lack of standardized reference ranges, unresolved specificity across diabetic complications, and confounding effects of diabetic nephropathy, requiring validation in large prospective studies. Likewise, mesenchymal stem cell-derived and engineered exosomes demonstrate robust therapeutic efficacy and neuroprotective effects in preclinical PDN models; however, no clinical trials have yet evaluated these approaches in PDN patients, underscoring the need for clinical translation before they can be considered disease-modifying therapies.
Citation	Long I, Abdo Qaid EY. Exosomes as emerging mediators and therapeutic vehicles in painful diabetic neuropathy: From pathophysiology to clinical translation. World J Diabetes 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.123286
PDF	123286-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-05-20 00:31
Peer-Review Started	2026-05-24 23:55
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-06-29 06:59
Revised	2026-07-11 03:38
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-08-11 03:23
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief	2026-08-17 01:39
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-09-04 09:33
Articles in Press	2026-09-04 09:33
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
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