Publication Name	World Journal of Experimental Medicine
Manuscript ID	124614
Country	United States

Category	Medicine, Research & Experimental
Manuscript Type	Basic Study
Article Title	Effects of Kalanchoe pinnata, exercise, and stimulation on neuroinflammation, redox homeostasis, and neuropathic pain in a Wistar-rat model
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Olamide Wilson Fasakin, Ayoola Awosika, Funmilayo Mercy Ojo and Ayodeji Samuel Boboye
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Ayoola Awosika, MD, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Bloomington, IL 61601, United States. ayoolaawosika@yahoo.com
Key Words	Neuropathic pain; Prefrontal cortex; Kalanchoe pinnata; Treadmill exercise; Vagus nerve stimulation
Core Tip	Neuropathic pain is a persistent, treatment-resistant condition driven not only by peripheral nerve injury but also by maladaptive neuroplasticity in central pain-regulatory networks. Evidence increasingly points to dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, a vital area for top-down control of pain, emotions, and autonomic functions, as a key factor in maintaining pain hypersensitivity. This study examined the combined effects of Kalanchoe pinnata, treadmill exercise, and vagus nerve stimulation on neuroinflammation, redox homeostasis, and neuropathic pain in a rat model. This study shows that combining Kalanchoe pinnata, treadmill exercise, and vagus nerve stimulation offers better relief for neuropathic pain than any single treatment or drug. This triple therapy activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme-oxygenase 1 pathway, reduces neuroinflammation, restores neuroplasticity, decreases cell death, and normalizes neurotransmission by correcting molecular imbalances in the prefrontal cortex.
Citation	Fasakin OW, Awosika A, Ojo OM, Boboye AS. Effects of Kalanchoe pinnata, exercise, and stimulation on neuroinflammation, redox homeostasis, and neuropathic pain in a Wistar-rat model. World J Exp Med 2026; In press

Received	2026-06-23 02:27
Peer-Review Started	2026-06-23 02:27
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-07-22 06:20
Revised	2026-08-04 03:18
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-09-17 08:52
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-09-17 09:19
Articles in Press	2026-09-17 09:19
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-315x (online)
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Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
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