Publication Name	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Manuscript ID	125352
DOI	10.4253/wjge.125352
Country	Japan

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Long-term lumen-apposing metal stents in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage: Late adverse events and stent removal
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Koji Takahashi, Noa Minami, Kohei Horie, Taiga Sudo, Nana Yamada, Terunao Iwanaga, Takafumi Sakuma and Hidehiro Kamezaki
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number the Godo Shigen Grant for Academic Activities.
Corresponding Author	Koji Takahashi, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, 3-6-2, Okayamadai, Togane 283-8686, Chiba, Japan. takahashi.koji@chiba-u.jp
Key Words	Acute cholecystitis; Endoscopic ultrasound; Gallbladder drainage; Lumen-apposing metal stent; Stent removal; Late adverse events; Competing risks
Core Tip	Lumen-apposing metal stents were designed for short-term drainage, yet after endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage, many remain in place for years. We reframe the choice to remove, exchange, or retain as a competing risks decision. Removal prevents late stent-specific events but risks recurrent cholecystitis, whereas the apparent safety of permanent stents partly reflects the truncated follow-up of a high-mortality population. We argue for deciding the fate of the stent at the index procedure based on the clinical trajectory of the patient, reserving permanent placement for those who will never become surgical candidates, and we outline the prospective studies needed.
Citation	Takahashi K, Minami N, Horie K, Sudo T, Yamada N, Iwanaga T, Sakuma T, Kamezaki H. Long-term lumen-apposing metal stents in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage: Late adverse events and stent removal. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.125352
PDF	125352-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-07-08 08:44
Peer-Review Started	2026-07-08 08:45
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-08-07 23:55
Revised	2026-08-17 01:01
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-09-04 02:42
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-09-04 10:23
Articles in Press	2026-09-04 10:23
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-5190 (online)
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