Publication Name	World Journal of Critical Care Medicine
Manuscript ID	126243
DOI	10.5492/wjccm.126243
Country	Greece

Category	Critical Care Medicine
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Contemporary assessment of diaphragm function using bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit: New techniques and applications
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Apostolos Georgios Pappas, Dimitrios Toumpanakis, Elena Lytra, Zacharias Diakonikolaou, Dimitrios Tsilivarakis, Ioannis Poularas, Stelios Kokkoris and Christina Routsi
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Apostolos Georgios Pappas, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Service, Medical School, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 43-45, Ipsilantou Street, Athens 10671, Attikí, Greece. apo.pappas88@gmail.com
Key Words	Diaphragm; Dysfunction; Intensive care unit; Ultrasonography; Thickness; Thickening fraction; Excursion; Mechanical ventilation; Emerging diaphragmatic ultrasound techniques
Core Tip	Bedside diaphragmatic ultrasonography is the only non-invasive imaging technique useful for evaluating diaphragm function, specifically diaphragmatic excursion and diaphragmatic thickness and thickening at the zone of apposition. Apart from the conventional technique, already widely adopted in the critical care setting, advanced ultrasound-derived techniques, including tissue Doppler imaging, speckle tracking, and shear wave elastography, have emerged to evaluate diaphragm structure and function more precisely. This review aims to provide an overview of conventional and advanced bedside ultrasonographic techniques for assessing diaphragm structure and function in intensive care unit patients.
Citation	Pappas AG, Toumpanakis D, Lytra E, Diakonikolaou Z, Tsilivarakis D, Poularas I, Kokkoris S, Routsi C. Contemporary assessment of diaphragm function using bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit: New techniques and applications. World J Crit Care Med 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.126243
PDF	126243-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-07-29 07:01
Peer-Review Started	2026-08-05 07:24
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-09-15 01:38
Revised	2026-10-11 11:42
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-11-12 06:17
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-11-12 10:00
Articles in Press	2026-11-12 10:00
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-3141(online)
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Copyright	© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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