Publication Name	World Journal of Clinical Oncology
Manuscript ID	127473
DOI	10.5306/wjco.127473
Country	United Kingdom

Category	Oncology
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Cancer immunotherapy through the ages: Historical development, current role and future perspectives in triple-negative breast cancer
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Adam Afife and Bahaaeldin Baraka
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Bahaaeldin Baraka, Consultant, Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer, City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom. bahaabaraka@gmail.com
Key Words	Cancer immunotherapy; Triple-negative breast cancer; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Programmed cell death protein 1; Programmed death ligand 1; Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes; Cancer immunoediting; Predictive biomarkers; Treatment resistance; Personalised medicine
Core Tip	Cancer immunotherapy has evolved from early experimental observations into a major treatment strategy in modern oncology. This article highlights the historical development of immunotherapy, the biological basis of cancer immune escape and immunoediting, and the growing clinical role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. It also discusses key limitations, including treatment resistance, immune-related adverse events, cost, and the need for reliable predictive biomarkers to guide personalised treatment.
Citation	Afife A, Baraka B. Cancer immunotherapy through the ages: Historical development, current role and future perspectives in triple-negative breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.127473
PDF	127473-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-09-01 01:45
Peer-Review Started	2026-09-01 01:46
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-10-19 02:19
Revised	2026-10-20 20:40
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-11-05 02:48
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-11-05 09:09
Articles in Press	2026-11-05 09:09
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2218-4333 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com