Publication Name	World Journal of Gastroenterology
Manuscript ID	36534
Country	Japan

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Case Control Study
Article Title	Rifaximin ameliorates hepatic encephalopathy and endotoxemia without affecting the gut microbiome diversity
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Kosuke Kaji, Hiroaki Takaya, Soichiro Saikawa, Masanori Furukawa, Shinya Sato, Hideto Kawaratani, Mitsuteru Kitade, Kei Moriya, Tadashi Namisaki, Takemi Akahane, Akira Mitoro and Hitoshi Yoshiji
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Kosuke Kaji, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Doctor, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 6348522, Japan. kajik@naramed-u.ac.jp
Key Words	Gut microbiome; Hepatic encephalopathy; Liver cirrhosis; Endotoxin; Rifaximin
Core Tip	Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by deficits in cognitive, psychiatric, and motor function and ranges in severity from minimal to overt HE and coma. Rifaximin is used for standard treatment of HE, targeting reduction of ammonia and gut bacterial translocation. This study demonstrates that rifaximin improves hyperammonemia and cognitive impairment with the linkage of decreased endotoxin activity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The diversity and major components of gut microbiome analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing are not altered by treatment with rifaximin. This is the first report of systemic and local effects of rifaximin in Japanese patients.
Citation	Kaji K, Takaya H, Saikawa S, Furukawa M, Sato S, Kawaratani H, Kitade M, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Rifaximin ameliorates hepatic encephalopathy and endotoxemia without affecting the gut microbiome diversity. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(47): 8355-8366

Received	2017-10-04 19:58
Peer-Review Started	2017-10-05 14:31
To Make the First Decision	2017-10-25 01:06
Return for Revision	2017-10-25 08:53
Revised	2017-10-30 05:06
Second Decision	2017-11-14 06:45
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Company Editor-in-Chief	2017-11-14 18:55
Articles in Press	2017-11-14 18:55
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2017-12-07 00:58

ISSN	1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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