Publication Name	World Journal of Meta-Analysis
Manuscript ID	84392
Country	United Kingdom

Category	Statistics & Probability
Manuscript Type	Meta-Analysis
Article Title	Evidence relating cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Peter Nicholas Lee, Katharine J Coombs and Jan S Hamling
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Peter Nicholas Lee, MA, Senior Statistician, Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., 17 Cedar Road, Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom. peterlee@pnlee.co.uk
Key Words	Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipes; Lung cancer; Meta-analysis; Review
Core Tip	For lung cancer, recent North American and European studies indicate current cigarette smoking increases risk > 10-fold in each sex. Limited evidence suggests cigars increase risk about 3-fold, but is variable for pipes. For Japanese studies the risk increase from cigarettes is much less than in Western regions. For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cigarettes increase risk about 9-fold, with little sex or regional variation. One North American study reports a lower increase for cigars and pipes. Smoking markedly increases risk of both diseases. While quitting reduces risk most effectively, available evidence suggests switching to nicotine products that are not smoked could potentially reduce these risks.
Citation	Lee PN, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS. Evidence relating cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11(5): 228-252

Received	2023-03-13 15:24
Peer-Review Started	2023-03-13 15:27
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2023-04-28 08:03
Revised	2023-05-10 10:37
Second Decision	2023-05-30 03:18
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Company Editor-in-Chief	2023-05-30 07:19
Articles in Press	2023-05-30 07:19
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor	2023-05-23 20:37
Typeset the Manuscript	2023-06-08 08:45

ISSN	2308-3840 (online)
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