Publication Name	World Journal of Meta-Analysis
Manuscript ID	44816
Country	United Kingdom

Category	Medicine, Research & Experimental
Manuscript Type	Meta-Analysis
Article Title	Misclassification of smoking habits: An updated review of the literature
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Janette S Hamling, Katharine J Coombs and Peter N Lee
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Peter N Lee, MA, MSc, Director, Senior Statistician, Statistics, P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., 17 Cedar Road, Sutton SM2 5DA, United Kingdom. peterlee@pnlee.co.uk
Key Words	Misclassification; Smoking; Cotinine; Cigarettes; Tobacco use; E-cigarettes; Passive smoking; Bias; Systematic review; Meta-analysis
Core Tip	We update a meta-analysis of evidence on accuracy of reported smoking, using cotinine as a marker. From 200+ studies, we estimated various misclassification rates. True smokers represented 3.00% (2.45%-3.54%) of reported never smokers and 10.92% (9.23%-12.61%) of reported ex-smokers. Reported never and ex-smokers formed 5.70% (3.20%-8.20%) and 8.93% (6.57%-11.29%) of true smokers. Falsely claiming never smoking was extremely common in Asian women. Rates of falsely claiming quitting were high in pregnant women and diseased individuals advised to quit. Smoking misclassification causes overestimation of true passive smoking relationships, a problem exacerbated by increasing misclassification rates in recently published studies.
Citation	Hamling JS, Coombs KJ, Lee PN. Misclassification of smoking habits: An updated review of the literature. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7(2): 31-50

Received	2018-11-29 05:34
Peer-Review Started	2018-11-29 06:59
To Make the First Decision	2018-12-17 07:04
Return for Revision	2018-12-24 01:19
Revised	2019-01-21 00:13
Second Decision	2019-01-21 03:06
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Company Editor-in-Chief	2019-01-21 04:39
Articles in Press	2019-01-21 04:39
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2019-01-28 06:21

ISSN	2308-3840 (online)
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