Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	106664
Country	China

Category	Medicine, General & Internal
Manuscript Type	Retrospective Cohort Study
Article Title	Higher HbA1c amplifies the effect of APOE4-related cognition and olfaction impairments in type 2 diabetes: A multicenter study
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Ya-Rong Wang, Yang Gao, Yan-Chao Liu, Zhi-Peng Xu, Yu-Ying Wang, Hai-Bo Xu, Jian-Zhi Wang and Yao Zhang
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Program No. 2024M762504 Intramural Research Program of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 2023 LYYYGZRP0004
Corresponding Author	Yao Zhang, Department of Endocrinology, Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China. zhangyaodoc@163.com
Key Words	Glycated hemoglobin; Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Cognitive impairment; Olfactory function
Core Tip	This study explores how the Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) genotype and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels influence cognitive and olfactory performance in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The findings suggest that APOE4 is linked to both cognitive and olfactory deficits, and that elevated HbA1c levels further intensify these effects. Rather than serving as a mediator, HbA1c modifies the relationship, strengthening the adverse impact of APOE4. These results indicate that both APOE4 and poor glycemic control contribute to neurofunctional decline, underscoring the importance of early intervention in at-risk diabetic populations.
Citation	Wang YR, Gao Y, Liu YC, Xu ZP, Wang YY, Xu HB, Wang JZ, Zhang Y. Higher glycated hemoglobin amplifies the effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-related cognition and olfaction impairments in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; In press

Received	2025-03-04 12:21
Peer-Review Started	2025-03-10 00:40
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-04-17 03:40
Revised	2025-04-30 18:51
Second Decision	2025-06-24 02:42
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief	2025-06-30 18:21
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-07-04 09:36
Articles in Press	2025-07-04 09:36
Publication Fee Transferred	2025-05-08 07:19
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com