Publication Name	World Journal of Cardiology
Manuscript ID	108749
Country	Italy

Category	Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manuscript Type	Editorial
Article Title	Is metabolically healthy obesity shaped by inflammation, gender differences, and fat distribution?
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Davide Ramoni, Luca Liberale, Federico Carbone and Fabrizio Montecucco
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Fabrizio Montecucco, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, ., Viale Benedetto XV 6, Genoa 16132, Italy. fabrizio.montecucco@unige.it
Key Words	Cardiovascular risk; Epicardial adipose tissue; Inflammation; Metabolically healthy obesity; Metaflammation; Obesity; Sex differences; Visceral fat
Core Tip	Obesity is not a uniform condition but comprises multiple phnotypes with distinct cardiovascular (CV) risks. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity is increasingly challenged by evidence of low-grade inflammation, ectopic fat accumulation, and adipose dysfunction. Inflammation, particularly in visceral and epicardial fat, plays a central role in driving subclinical CV damage, even in the absence of overt metabolic disease. Postmenopausal women are especially vulnerable due to hormonal shifts and fat redistribution. Integrating fat phenotype, inflammatory biomarkers, and sex-specific factors is essential for precise cardiometabolic risk management and targeted prevention, moving beyond body mass index-based assessments.
Citation	Ramoni D, Liberale L, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Is metabolically healthy obesity shaped by inflammation, gender differences, and fat distribution? World J Cardiol 2025; In press

Received	2025-04-22 13:24
Peer-Review Started	2025-04-22 13:24
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-05-12 10:10
Revised	2025-05-25 15:57
Second Decision	2025-07-18 02:46
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-07-18 06:22
Articles in Press	2025-07-18 06:22
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1949-8462 (online)
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