Publication Name	World Journal of Hepatology
Manuscript ID	110412
Country	Australia

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Hepatic hydrothorax as a manifestation of decompensated cirrhosis: An update on current management and future directions
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Brandon-Joe Cilia, James Haridy, Ashok Raj and Nicholas Hannah
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Nicholas Hannah, Consultant, FRACP, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne 3050, Victoria, Australia. nicholas.hannah2@mh.org.au
Key Words	Hepatic hydrothorax; Cirrhosis; Ascites; Pleural effusion; Decompensation
Core Tip	Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) commonly presents as a right-sided pleural effusion in patients with cirrhosis after excluding cardiopulmonary and renal causes. The most widely accepted mechanism is migration of ascitic fluid via small diaphragmatic defects directly into the pleural space. Medical management is centred around sodium restriction and diuretics, with thoracentesis also offering symptomatic relief. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is generally first line when HH becomes refractory to medical therapy. Beyond TIPS and liver transplantation, there are few alternatives for those who are ineligible. However, promising modalities such as indwelling pleural catheters, albumin infusions, and continuous terlipressin require further validation.
Citation	Cilia BJ, Haridy J, Raj A, Hannah N. Hepatic hydrothorax as a manifestation of decompensated cirrhosis: An update on current management and future directions. World J Hepatol 2025; In press

Received	2025-06-06 16:56
Peer-Review Started	2025-06-06 16:56
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-06-10 06:57
Revised	2025-07-03 03:31
Second Decision	2025-09-24 02:43
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-09-24 09:10
Articles in Press	2025-09-24 09:10
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-5182 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com