Publication Name	World Journal of Orthopedics
Manuscript ID	112198
Country	Saudi Arabia

Category	Orthopedics
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Shoulder complications in sickle cell disease: Challenges, management strategies, and future directions
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Emad Anam
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Emad Anam, Assistant Professor, FRCS, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 7053 Alfyha dist, Jeddah 33335, Saudi Arabia. em2009@hotmail.com
Key Words	Core decompression.; Osteomyelitis; Arthroplasty; Avascular necrosis; Shoulder; Sickle cell disease
Core Tip	This comprehensive narrative review highlights the challenges of managing shoulder complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) which discusses a critical and underexplored part of this disease. The review synthesizes current evidence on the three primary complications avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. SCD lead to chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlousive crisis contribute to ischemic damage, with humeral head avascular necrosis often underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Early diagnosis and differentiation rely on advanced imaging and laboratory tests. Management includes pain control, core decompression for early stages, and arthroplasty for advanced cases. Given the scarcity of research on shoulder pathology in SCD, larger, long-term studies are needed to refine treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Citation	Anam E. Shoulder complications in sickle cell disease: Challenges, management strategies, and future directions. World J Orthop 2025; In press

Received	2025-07-21 01:08
Peer-Review Started	2025-07-21 01:08
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-08-08 08:58
Revised	2025-08-21 16:33
Second Decision	2025-10-24 02:40
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-10-24 08:50
Articles in Press	2025-10-24 08:50
Publication Fee Transferred	2025-09-05 07:38
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2218-5836 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com