Publication Name	World Journal of Diabetes
Manuscript ID	113109
Country	Italy

Category	Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuscript Type	Letter to the Editor
Article Title	COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Andrea Scaramuzza and Claudio Cavalli
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Andrea Scaramuzza, MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Pediatrics, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona 26100, Lombardia, Italy. a.scaramuzza@gmail.com
Key Words	COVID-19; Diabetes onset; Incidence; Type 1 diabetes; Pediatrics
Core Tip	We note convergence between Carmon et al’s Israeli study [elevated pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1DM) incidence, lost seasonality peri-coronavirus disease 2019] and our Lombardy data: A 2020 “step-increase” in pediatric T1DM, stable elevated rates (2020-2023, vaccine-unrelated). Combined data suggest the pandemic triggered lasting higher T1DM incidence (likely via severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-mediated beta-cell/immune changes), stressing global surveillance for pandemic-autoimmune disease links.
Citation	Scaramuzza A, Cavalli C. COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of pedi-atric type 1 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2025; In press

Received	2025-08-15 01:34
Peer-Review Started	2025-08-15 03:27
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-09-07 02:56
Return for Revision	2025-09-07 02:56
Revised	2025-09-08 14:51
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2025-12-11 02:42
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2025-12-11 05:52
Articles in Press	2025-12-11 05:52
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1948-9358 (online)
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