Publication Name	World Journal of Gastroenterology
Manuscript ID	117320
Country	China

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Basic Study
Article Title	Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Yan-Bing Zhang, Zhe-Jun Yu, Jun Jin, Mao-Xia Liu, Fu-Hai Ji and Xin-Jing Yang
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471281 Key Medical Research Projects in Jiangsu Province ZD2022021 Key R&D Program Projects in Jiangsu Province BE2023709
Corresponding Author	Xin-Jing Yang, MD, Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 188 Shi-Zi Road, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. yangxinjingsuda@163.com
Key Words	Esmolol; AMPK/mTOR/ULK1; Autophagy; Sepsis; Intestinal injury; Lipopolysaccharide
Core Tip	This study investigated the protective effects of esmolol (ES), a selective β1-blocker, against lipopolysaccharide-induced septic intestinal damage. Using both animal and cell models, researchers found that ES pretreatment reduced intestinal injury markers (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and diamine oxidase), improved tissue damage scores, and suppressed inflammation by suppressing interleukin (IL)-1 tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-17, and IL-6 while enhancing IL-10. Mechanistically, ES enhanced autophagy through activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, as shown by increasing the expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II, p-AMPK, p-ULK1 and numbers of autophagosomes, and decreasing the expression of p-mTOR. These effects were consistent in both in vivo and in vitro models. The findings suggest that ES alleviates septic intestinal injury by promoting autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
Citation	Zhang YB, Yu ZJ, Jin J, Liu MX, Ji FH, Yang XJ. Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2026; In press

Received	2025-12-05 01:31
Peer-Review Started	2025-12-05 01:31
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-01-07 09:55
Return for Revision	2026-01-07 09:55
Revised	2026-02-05 16:11
Publication Fee Transferred	2026-02-09 04:10
Second Decision by Editor	2026-03-12 02:36
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-03-12 08:11
Articles in Press	2026-03-12 08:11
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online)
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