Publication Name	World Journal of Nephrology
Manuscript ID	118343
Country	Saudi Arabia

Category	Microbiology
Manuscript Type	Case Control Study
Article Title	Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Afnan A Almuhanna, Chittibabu Vatte, Qian Guo, Tamer S Elsalamouni, Fahd A Al-Muhanna, Ameen M Aboalrihy, Hassan A Alhabib, Mohammed F Almomen, Rudaynah A Alali, Alawi H Habara, Mohammed A Alrubaish, Kaltham M Alfalah, Cyril Cyrus, Ibrahiem Saeed Abdul-Rahman, Brendan J Keating, Amein K Al-Ali and Chan Wang
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number Deanship of scientific Research at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University No. 2020-182-MED
Corresponding Author	Amein K Al-Ali, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Building A72, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia. aalali@iau.edu.sa
Key Words	Chronic kidney disease; Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis; Microbiota; Saudi; Microbiota
Core Tip	In a Saudi cohort, the gut microbiota clearly differed between controls, chronic kidney disease patients, and patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Simple microbial risk scores (area under the curve > 0.9) accurately distinguished chronic kidney disease patients, HD patients, and PD patients from controls, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive biomarker. The PD microbiota was characterized by reduced diversity, increased abundance of Proteobacteria and virulence factors, weaker microbial networks, and a proinflammatory profile. In contrast, partial restoration of a healthier microbiome was observed in HD patients, with increased short-chain fatty acid production and reduced lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, indicating dialysis modality-specific effects on the gut microbiome and potential targets for microbiome-based interventions.
Citation	Almuhanna AA, Vatte C, Guo Q, Elsalamouni TS, Al-Muhanna FA, Aboalrihy AM, Alhabib HA, Almomen MF, Alali RA, Habara AH, Alrubaish MA, Alfalah KM, Cyrus C, Abdul-Rahman IS, Keating BJ, Al-Ali AK, Wang C. Gut microbiota in a Saudi population with chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2026; In press

Received	2025-12-30 08:17
Peer-Review Started	2025-12-30 08:19
First Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-01-27 07:51
Return for Revision	2026-01-27 07:51
Revised	2026-02-07 08:05
Publication Fee Transferred
Second Decision by Editor	2026-03-09 02:41
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-03-09 08:46
Articles in Press	2026-03-09 08:46
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	2220-6124 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com