Publication Name	World Journal of Cardiology
Manuscript ID	123626
DOI	10.4330/wjc.123626
Country	China

Category	Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Assessing residual cardiovascular risk and vulnerable plaques via non-traditional lipids: From biomarkers to novel targets for precision therapy
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Zi-Yi Lu, Ya-Fei Li, Lei Bao, Xu-Tong Wang, Hui Wu, Yin-Fei Xu, Yi Wang and Yan Chen
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0503902
Corresponding Author	Yan Chen, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Lijiang Road, High-tech Zone, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China. chenyandoc@njmu.edu.cn
Key Words	Non-traditional lipid parameters; Vulnerable plaques; Residual cardiovascular risk; Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Precision medicine; Lipoproteins
Core Tip	Traditional lipids may underestimate residual cardiovascular risk and do not fully identify biologically vulnerable plaques. This review critically evaluates lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein particle number, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins E and A1, remnant cholesterol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It distinguishes guideline-endorsed measures from investigational biomarkers, summarizes clinically relevant thresholds and therapeutic evidence, and highlights assay standardization, unit conversion, and reference-interval limitations. Integration with plaque imaging and artificial intelligence may improve individualized risk stratification and precision prevention.
Citation	Lu ZY, Li YF, Bao L, Wang XT, Wu H, Xu YF, Wang Y, Chen Y. Assessing residual cardiovascular risk and vulnerable plaques via non-traditional lipids: From biomarkers to novel targets for precision therapy. World J Cardiol 2026; In press DOI: https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.123626
PDF	123626-in-press.pdf

Received	2026-05-25 07:27
Peer-Review Started	2026-05-25 07:27
First Decision by Editorial Office Director
Return for Revision	2026-06-22 03:20
Revised	2026-07-06 01:41
Publication Fee Transferred	2026-07-27 03:35
Second Decision by Editor	2026-08-20 02:38
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director	2026-08-20 08:46
Articles in Press	2026-08-20 08:46
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript

ISSN	1949-8462 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Copyright	©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com