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1
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"In this editorial, the authors emphasize the importance of Creeping Fat (CF) as a predictor indicating poor prognosis in Crohn's disease. The authors speculate that CF is associated with specific characteristics of small bowel Crohn's disease and present several reports to support this hypothesis. However, their description is more narrative than statistical. To strengthen their speculation, it would be better to include numerical data. Overall, while the editorial raises interesting points about CF, it would benefit from more quantitative evidence."
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Wei H, Mai ZL, Ma BT, Chang B. Creeping fat: A promising radiological predictor in small bowel Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(16): 105186 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i16.105186]
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2
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"In addition to the discussion focusing on the morphalogy and volume of the pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in the editorial, the function status of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor, target organs response, relevant homones, permissive action of hormone, and other factors should be addressed. Some tumors are large in size, but their functions are weak and secret less hormones, result in mild or moderate hazard; vice versa. "
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Yang JS. Prognosis value of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor volume. World J Radiol 2025; 17(4): 106186 [DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i4.106186]
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3
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"Using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging technique for the evaluation of vascular flow hemodynamics is novel attempt. The reviewer compliments this editorial for its rich content. Adverse the weaknesses of it are not neglected, as following:
It’s a study of small sample, so it’s results and conclusion had better not be expressed as promising. The author commented on the study by Leesmidt et al should focus on the feasibility. Leesmidt et al said that superior and inferior mesenteric arteries were investigated and using Duplex ultrasound as a control.In fact, color Doppler ultrasound can measure the diameter and flow velocity of superior mesenteric artery reliable and conveniently, but it’s challenging to measure the diameter and flow velocity of inferior mesenteric artery. It’s hard to visualize the inferior mesenteric artery(vein). Measurement of the diameter and flow velocity of superior mesenteric vein is not so easy as that for the superior mesenteric artery.
The author of this editorial did not raise inquiry of this. In this editorial, the author said“Duplex ultrasound is a non-radiative tool for obtaining vascular flow velocity information but has limitations in larger patients due to reduced acoustic windows and operator dependency.”. It should be specific, the evaluation of superior mesenteric artery is almost not handicapped by acoustic windows and operator dependency. It’s hard to follow that“The study provides valuable insights into the hemodynamics of abdominal vessels in children.”in this editorial. The “Conclusion”should focus on the additional role of four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for blood vessels and hemodynamics.
Noteably, the reviewer checked the original article, and found that there is no involving of the inferior mesenteric artery(vein) in that article.
"
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Yang JS. Promising four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging technique for vascular flow analysis in children. World J Radiol 2025; 17(4): 106185 [DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i4.106185]
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4
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"Strengths: A clinical issue orientation study, having practical significance.
A better study design should avoid or reduce background confounder, e.g., to compare (NIC of tumor-NIC of normal tissue)/NIC of normal tissue and (NIC of lymph node-NIC ofof normal tissue)/NIC of normal tissue and obtain ratio. There was only TD+ and TD-, no golden reference. Expect the largest lmpha node, other size of lmpha nodes should be selected added to make the results more sound and rigorous."
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Lai YF, Liang ZM, Li JF, Zhang JY, Xu DH, Dai HY. Spectral computed tomography parameters of primary tumors and lymph nodes for predicting tumor deposits in colorectal cancer. World J Radiol 2025; 17(4): 103359 [DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i4.103359]
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5
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"Compared with nondiabetic subjects, T2D patients had increased risks of cirrhosis of the liver, HCC, hepatic-related complications, and mortality, irrespective of age or sex. Coexisting obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia worsened these risks, but regular exercise could ameliorate these outcomes. Diabetologists should be aware of the excessive risks of harmful hepatic outcomes in T2D patients, and a comprehensive medical evaluation with a meticulous assessment of the risks, improvement of associated metabolic dysfunctions, and enhancement of diabetes self-management education emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity are mandatory to reduce the hazards of hepatic-related diseases and mortality in T2D patients."
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Chen HF, Chang YY, Chen P, Shen XH, Chang CH, Hsu WL. Risks of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic-related complications, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 104576 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104576]
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6
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"This study highlights the critical role of systemic inflammation, as reflected by SII, in the progression of early kidney damage in children with newly diagnosed T1DM. The findings underscore the potential of SII as a reliable and practical biomarker for identifying at-risk individuals. Future longitudinal research with extended follow-up and expanded biomarker panels will be essential to validate these findings and advance our understanding of diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis."
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Cao LF, Xu QB, Yang L. Systemic immune indicators for predicting renal damage in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 104482 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104482]
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7
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"The study advances the investigation of the safety of food supplements by exploring the effects of different doses of L-Arg on patients with type 2 diabetes, thereby clarifying the complexity and limitations of L-Arg supplementation. L-Arg is the substrate of eNOS and can generate NO. As a key signaling molecule, NO plays roles in vasodilation, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation in the body. Additionally, NO can protect the heart from damage by inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, when high doses of L-Arg are ingested, NO reacts with superoxide anions to form peroxynitrite, a strong oxidant that can cause cell damage, and the accumulation of superoxide anion exacerbates oxidative stress, leading to cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. Excess L-Arg may increase the production of ROS by activating pathways such as NADPH oxidase, which can attack lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage. L-Arg can enhance cellular antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2 pathway, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and SOD, thereby exerting a protective effect on the heart, and high doses of L-Arg can lead to cardiomyocyte damage, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling, further aggravating cardiac dysfunction . Over 0.5 g/kg L-Arg is not safe for daily administration. It may aggravate myocardial damage by increasing blood glucose levels, the oxidative stress response, inflammatory mediator levels, and cardiac remodeling. L-Arg supplementation has shown some potential in clinical and experimental studies, especially in areas such as cardiovascular health, immune regulation, and athletic performance improvement. However, the effects of L-Arg were found to be dose-dependent, with low doses exerting a protective effect by generating NO, while high doses may lead to tissue damage by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, there are still some issues to be addressed in future studies, including further optimization of human studies, accurate improvement of the maximum safe treatment dose for patients with type 2 diabetes, and further investigations of the frequency of daily intake of L-Arg in patients with type 2 diabetes and the effects of different doses of L-Arg on patients with type 1 diabetes."
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Chen Y, Dai MT, Gong GH. L-arginine overdose is a potential risk factor for myocardial injury in patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 104409 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104409]
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8
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"This study provides preliminary insights into the potential role of Nrf2 in the wound healing process of DFUs treated with NPWT. Our findings indicate that NPWT may enhance wound healing, possibly through the upregulation of Nrf2. This upregulation may activate antioxidant defense mechanisms, promote angiogenesis, and reduce inflammation, although further research is needed to confirm these effects."
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Sun HJ, Si SW, Ma YM, Liu XK, Geng HF, Liang J. Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in negative pressure wound therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 104350 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104350]
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9
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"RCD of pancreatic β-cells plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of DM, as the loss of functional β-cells leads to impaired insulin secretion and disrupted glucose homeostasis. Targeting RCD of β-cells has therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for DM. PMS, a bioactive compound derived from TCM, is characterized by its versatility, safety and suitability for industrial synthesis, exhibiting diverse pharmacological properties through multiple pathways, such as inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in different diseases. Although current research on the regulation of RCD such as ferroptosis, PANoptosis, and cuproptosis by PMS in DM is limited, the ongoing investigation is highly likely to uncover additional RCD pathways influenced by PMS. By specifically targeting the RCD of β-cells, PMS presents a potentially novel therapeutic strategy with a multitarget approach for improving DM management. However, there is still a lack of large-scale clinical trials assessing the effects of PMS in humans, and much of the existing preclinical data remains preliminary. While the molecular mechanisms discussed in the aforementioned research appear promising, the translation of PMS from bench to bedside remains a significant challenge, further investigation is warranted to comprehensively elucidate PMS pharmacological effects and evaluate its clinical applications."
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Liu N, Yan WT, Xiong K. Plantamajoside: A potentially novel botanical agent for diabetes mellitus management. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 104311 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104311]
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10
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"Treatment of diabetic neuropathy is often limited by side effects. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside derived from natural plants, exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for developing new therapeutic approaches for DNP. Aucubin mitigates the elevation of microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in DNP via aldose reductase."
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Zheng XZ, Yu HY, Chen YR, Fang JS. Aucubin mitigates the elevation of microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic pain via aldose reductase. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103915 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103915]
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11
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"Interactions between the MTNR1B rs10830963 and CHEMERIN rs4721 SNPs play a significant role in the development of GDM, whereas SNPs involved in folate metabolism do not show such a correlation. In addition, no significant gene-gene or gene-environment interactions involving the studied SNPs and GDM were identified. These findings are valuable for early screening and precise intervention for GDM in pregnant women, which could ultimately improve maternal and child health."
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Zheng TT, Liu JH, Huang WT, Hong B, Wang D, Liu CY, Zhang J, Li SS, Wu SW, Wang Q, Chen L, Jin L. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism or selected other metabolites and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103602 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103602]
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12
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"The study confirmed the significant potential of SZF in ameliorating renal injury in DN mice. The primary pathway through which SZF mitigates renal injury appears to be the modulation of CYP450-mediated AA metabolism, which contributes to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects (Figure 6). However, this investigation serves as a preliminary study on the effects and mechanisms of SZF. To comprehensively explore the mechanisms underlying SZF's treatment of DN, it must combine the findings with multiple validation methods, including in vitro experiments and single-cell RNA sequencing. This approach will provide reliable support for the clinical application of SZF."
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Zhang ZY, Wang YM, Wang N, Wang YS, Zhang H, Wang D, Wang LX, Cui HT, Wen WB, Lv SQ, Cao YJ. Shenzhuo formulation ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103511 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103511]
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13
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"The sample size of this study is relatively small, with only 78 cases included. Each surgery has specific indications and contraindications, and compared to pharmacological treatments, fewer patients may be suitable for this procedure. This study primarily reviews the relevant indicators at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, which limits the ability to assess the long-term effects of the surgery on T2DM complications. Furthermore, the study did not adequately address the enhancement of patients' quality of life and their satisfaction with the subjective experience of treatment. Nonetheless, the study provides a valuable new perspective on the treatment of T2DM. Jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis may offer new hope for patients with T2DM. Further in-depth and longer-term retrospective studies are needed to fully evaluate its long-term efficacy and impact."
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Shao MQ, Liao JB, Zhai MY, Wan QQ, Jiang LJ, Cui HT. Jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis: New hope for patients with type 2 diabetes? World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103447 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103447]
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14
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"This comprehensive analysis supports the potential association between prediabetes and the risk of CRC. These results highlight the significance of identifying and addressing hyperglycemia as early as possible to possibly prevent CRC and stress the necessity for customized prevention and screening approaches in individuals with prediabetes, although further interventional studies are needed for validation. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of the association between prediabetes and the risk of CRC."
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Wang N, Zhao TY, Ma X. Increased colorectal cancer risk in prediabetes: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103403 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103403]
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15
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"The heterogeneity of DM is reflected in various aspects, including genetics, phenotype, and environmental factors. Integrating multiple types of data and conducting in-depth research on DM subtypes among different populations can greatly enhance our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of DM, and is helpful for predicting disease progression in individual patients. Moving forward, a large number of clinical trials with rigorous designs, sufficient sample size, and covering different populations are needed to verify the clinical significance of the various classification methods. Additionally, effective decision support tools based on the integration of multi-source data and advanced algorithms should be developed to analyse patient data in real time. These additional studies and tools will reshape medical standards for DM. By accurately classifying DM subtypes and providing customized medical services according to the characteristics of individual patients, we can effectively control blood glucose, reduce the occurrence of complications, lower medical costs, and provide patients with higher-quality, more efficient, and personalised medical services"
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Jiang Q, Hu Y, Ma JH. Various classification methods for diabetes mellitus in the management of blood glucose control. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103316 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103316]
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16
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"Beinaglutide is a novel GLP-1RA with a distinct structure (near 100% homology to human GLP-1) and pharmacokinetics compared to other GLP-1RAs. The SRM revealed that beinaglutide use at 0.1-0.2 mg subcutaneously TID for 12-24 weeks was associated with modest benefits concerning body weight, BMI, and WC reduction, with no significant difference in glycemic and other metabolic end-points as compared to the control arm. Safety data was consistent with the other drugs in the GLP-1RA class, with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects and treatment discontinuation due to AEs in the treatment arm, possibly due to the shorter half-life and multiple daily injections. The lack of longer duration trials, availability, and cost-effective analyses for beinaglutide vs other available GLP-1RAs limits its usability in the current scenario. However, the benefits concerning obesity/overweight outcomes, including measures of central adiposity, are encouraging despite the shorter half-life of the drug and duration of trials. Hence, longer-duration trials with multi-ethnic representation are needed to estimate the true potential of the molecule and find its place in the contemporary management of obesity and diabetes."
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Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Ganakumar V, Nagendra L, Dutta D, Islam MR, Pappachan JM. Effect of beinaglutide, a thrice-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103244 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103244]
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"This research revealed the mechanism by which TERT/FOXO1 mediates ATG9A to inhibit autophagy in mouse β cells. These findings indicate that FOXO1 is a potential target for the treatment of T2DM by acting as an autophagy regulator, deepening the understanding of the autophagy mechanisms involved in the regulation of β-cell function in the context of T2DM. Nevertheless, the effects and mechanisms of FOXO1 on autophagy warrant in-depth investigation, and additional studies are essential to elucidate the regulation of autophagy-related proteins. In addition, further validation is needed to assess whether TERT/FOXO1 signaling regulation of ATG9A expression affects autophagy and islet function in human diabetic patients.
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Lei XT, Chen XF, Qiu S, Tang JY, Geng S, Yang GY, Wu QN. TERT/FOXO1 signaling promotes islet β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating ATG9A-mediated autophagy. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 102994 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102994]
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18
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"Injury to the glomerular filtration barrier causes diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and glomerular endothelial-mesenchymal transition damages the filtration barrier of glomerular endothelial cells. Shenfushu granules (SFSGs) can treat chronic renal failure; however, their role and mechanism in DKD remain unclear. The findings of this study suggest that SFSGs delay the development of DKD and suppress EndMT in GEnCs, which is associated with the PIK3R1-AKT signaling pathway. This work offers a pharmacological explanation for the advantages of SFSGs in the therapeutic management of DKD."
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Yang XD, Ma SJ, Xiang DX, Yang YY. Shenfushu granules attenuate diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting PIK3R1/protein kinase B/heparanase-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 102196 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102196]
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19
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"This study addressed the significant public health challenge posed by the coexistence of T2DM and hypertension. By leveraging LASSO regression and multivariable analysis, it identified age, LDL levels, BMI, duration of diabetes, and urine protein levels as independent risk factors for DH in T2DM patients and constructed a nomogram-based predictive model. The model demonstrated good predictive accuracy, robustness, and clinical utility in both the training and validation groups, filling a gap in existing prediction tools and offering a user-friendly approach for personalized risk assessment and intervention strategy tailoring. However, limited by its retrospective nature and reliance on electronic health record data, future prospective studies and incorporation of additional novel biomarkers or risk factors are needed to further refine and validate the model in diverse populations, aiming to optimize patient care and contribute more effectively to reducing the burden of this prevalent comorbidity in the context of precision medicine."
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Zhao JY, Dou JQ, Chen MW. Construction of a risk prediction model for hypertension in type 2 diabetes: Independent risk factors and nomogram. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 102141 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102141]
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20
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"This study found that approximately 25% of Korean adults with diabetes have DKD. The risk of developing DKD significantly increases in patients with diabetes lasting > 10 years or HbA1c > 8%. Notably, the risk of albuminuria, an early marker of DKD, increased during earlier stages of DM and in less severe hyperglycemia compared to the decline in kidney function. These findings highlight the necessity of vigilant kidney function monitoring in patients with long-standing diabetes or poor glycemic control."
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Kim CS, Suh SH, Choi HS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim B, Han KD, Kim SW. Impact of diabetes duration and hyperglycemia on the progression of diabetic kidney disease: Insights from the KNHANES 2019-2021. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 102094 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102094]
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21
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"This research suggests that a better CVH status on the basis of the LE8 score, especially better CVH health behaviors, has a significant protective effect against mortality in prediabetic adults. There was a linear association between an increased LE8 score and reduced all-cause mortality risk. Our findings highlight the public health value of focusing on CVH improvement in prediabetic patients, especially those with more accessible health behaviors, such as quitting smoking and alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity and improving their sleep duration, because even small improvements can yield substantial reductions in the risk of all-cause mortality."
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Chen AM, He QY, Wu YC, Chen JQ, Ma XQ, Hu LY, Wang GNY, Wang ZT, Wu ZY, Zheng ZJ, Jia YJ. Association of quantified cardiovascular health status with all-cause mortality risk in prediabetic patients. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 102052 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.102052]
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22
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"This study demonstrates that all the NI-IR indices were significantly associated with new-onset MetS in young adults. Among the NI-IR indices, the METS-IR was observed to have the greatest capacity to predict the development of MetS before midlife, whereas a sex difference was observed, with the TC/HDL-C ratio showing the greatest predictive capacity for MetS among young women. In clinical practice, while the calculation of the METS-IR is more complex than the calculation of simpler indices, such as the TG/HDL-C ratio, all of the components of the METS-IR are usually available in standard health examinations, making the METS-IR a practical and cost-effective screening tool. Additionally, modern electronic health record systems can automate this calculation without adding any clinical burdens. These findings suggest that relevant NI-IR indices may be useful tools for the early identification of specific individuals who are at high risk of new-onset MetS, enabling the implementation of targeted preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in diverse ethnic populations and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the use of various NI-IR indices for MetS risk stratification in clinical practice."
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Liu WN, Hsu YC, Lin YP, Tsai KZ, Lin YC, Liu PY, Lin GM. Comparisons of various insulin resistance indices for new-onset metabolic syndrome before midlife: The CHIEF cohort study, 2014-2020. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 101840 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.101840]
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23
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"this reseach suggested that anti-integrin treatment may be more suitable for specific patient populations rather than all patients with DME. Therefore, further research is required to identify which patients are most likely to benefit. Current clinical trials primarily focus on short-term efficacy, whereas the long-term effects and safety of anti-integrin therapy have not been fully evaluated. Considering that integrins participate in various physiological and pathological processes, their inhibitors may affect multiple pathways. Consequently, long-term exposure to integrin inhibitors may produce unknown side effects on the eyes and other organs, necessitating long-term follow-up studies. Moreover, even with fewer injections, intravitreal injection remains a relatively invasive treatment, which may affect patient adherence. Therefore, the development of more convenient and patient-friendly drug administration methods represents an important research direction. Future research should concentrate on elucidating the specific functionalities and underlying mechanisms of integrins at various stages of DR, examining how different integrin subtypes interact and synergize. This will help resolve the associated intricate cellular signaling networks and determine whether improving the hypercoagulable state can be achieved in patients with diabetes when blood glucose levels are adequately managed and controlled. DR treatment remains challenging, yet integrins and their associated signaling pathways offer numerous potential therapeutic targets. Further research on the molecular mechanisms involved should facilitate the development of more precise and effective treatments."
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He LM, Borjigin S, Chen XQ, Yan ZL, Wang MJ. Therapeutic potential of integrins in diabetic retinopathy. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 101509 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.101509]
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24
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"This study compared the efferocytosis function of blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with poor glycemic control.It provides evidence of significant impairment in efferocytosis among blood monocytes and differentiated macrophages in T2D patients. Hyperglycemia, the toxic effects of HbA1c, and a reduced frequency of classical monocytes are likely contributing factors to this impaired efferocytosis mechanism."
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Mao QY, Ran H, Hu QY, He SY, Lu Y, Li H, Chai YM, Chu ZY, Qian X, Ding W, Niu YX, Zhang HM, Li XY, Su Q. Impaired efferocytosis by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 101473 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.101473]
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25
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"This study illuminates the profound effect of exercise training on islet mass and function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The protective effects of exercise are mediated through multiple pathways, prominently involving IGF-1 and the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. The preservation of β-cell mass, improved pancreatic morphology, and enhanced systemic metabolic profiles underscore the therapeutic potential of exercise in diabetes. These findings advocate for the integration of regular physical activity into clinical management strategies, aiming to mitigate β-cell dysfunction and halt the progression of diabetes. Further research is warranted to explore the translational applicability of these findings and optimize exercise protocols for maximal therapeutic benefit in diabetic individuals."
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Wu YW, Wu CY, Lin F, Wu JY. Exercise training benefits pancreatic islet by modulating the insulin-like growth factor 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 101447 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.101447]
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26
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"This study underscored the pivotal role of PAT expansion in the transition from obesity to T2DM, influenced by the crosstalk between islet beta cells and the PINS. Our findings revealed that EA, particularly when applied at ST25, effectively regulates glucolipid metabolism and pancreatic function through the TRPV1-CGRP signaling axis, thereby mitigating metabolic stress and inflammation. Moreover, the study emphasized the significance of understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms by which EA modulates glucolipid metabolism, offering a foundation for the development of precision therapeutic strategies for T2DM management. Ongoing investigation into the detailed mechanisms and therapeutic targets of EA at various acupoints, including LI11 and ST37, is essential for refining clinical methodologies aimed at optimizing T2DM treatment"
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Wang X, Yuan MQ, Lu MJ, Gong MR, Li Q, Xia YB, Yang GH, Xu B, Litscher G, Xu TC. Neurophysiological mechanisms of electroacupuncture in regulating pancreatic function and adipose tissue expansion. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 101354 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.101354]
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27
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"The evidence in this study showed that TXLC combined with conventional therapy was effective in improving urinary protein (24hUP, UALB, and UAER), renal function (Scr, BUN, β2-MG, and CysC), blood lipids (TC, TG, and LDL-C), hemorheology (FIB, PV, WBLSV, and WBHSV), and vascular endothelial function (NO and ET-1) in patients with DKD. However, because of the limitations of existing studies in terms of quantity and methodological quality, future research should prioritize conducting more multicenter RCTs with large sample sizes and long follow-up periods to better assess the effectiveness and safety of TXLC intervention in DKD."
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Wei MY, Jiang YJ, Tang YT, Wang CR, Yin D, Li AJ, Guo JY, Gong YB. Effectiveness and safety of Tongxinluo capsule for diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 100980 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100980]
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28
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"This review examines the potential of immunosuppressive agents in diabetes treatment, highlighting several promising options. Teplizumab is notable for delaying T1DM onset and preserving β-cell function. Baricitinib and abatacept also show efficacy in maintaining β-cell function, though long-term effects need further study. Low-dose ATG and golimumab reduce HbA1c and preserve β-cell function but may cause side effects like cytokine release syndrome and hypoglycemia. Rituximab has initial promise, especially in combination therapies. In T2DM, evidence for immunosuppressive agents is limited, with unclear efficacy and safety. Personalized treatment strategies are essential for future research. Further studies are needed to clarify long-term safety, optimal dosages, and the most effective agents for clinical use."
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Li L, Yang X, Ren JS, Huang MZ, Zhao QW. Immunosuppressive agents in diabetes treatment: Hope or despair? World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 100590 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100590]
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29
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"Zebrafish models, despite inherent limitations, provide unique diabetes research advantages: (1) Unparalleled β-cell regenerative capacity enabling mechanistic dissection of pancreatic islet regeneration pathways; (2) 87% conserved coding genome facilitating precision gene editing for personalized medicine prototypes; and (3) Optical transparency permitting real-time metabolic imaging. Current research disproportionately focuses on T2DM (76% of studies) versus monogenic diabetes (12%), reflecting diagnostic challenges in rare genetic disorders. While whole exome sequencing has identified > 40 monogenic diabetes genes, mechanistic understanding of complications remains fragmented. Zebrafish models address this gap through combinatorial approaches: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of human mutations coupled with metabolic phenotyping. Compared to rodent models, zebrafish offer three key translational advantages: Accelerated generation of genetic variants (4-6 weeks vs 6-12 months), whole-organism drug response profiling, and conserved complication pathways. Beyond diabetes, this model shows expanding utility in cardiovascular pathophysiology (76% conserved cardiac genes), osteometabolic regulation, and neurodevelopmental disorders, with emerging applications in cancer metabolism and microbiome-host interactions. Future directions should prioritize establishing monogenic diabetes complication registries integrated with zebrafish phenomics databases to accelerate therapeutic discovery."
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Huang J, Chen YL. Zebrafish as a preclinical model for diabetes mellitus and its complications: From monogenic to gestational diabetes and beyond. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 100574 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.100574]
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30
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"Studies on the efficacy of combined intratympanic and retroauricular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss (RSSHL) complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains limited. Intratympanic plus retroauricular MPSS injections are effective in improving therapeutic effectiveness in patients with RSSHL complicated with DM, controlling BG levels, suppressing serum inflammatory reactions, and promoting the quality of life without increasing the risk of total adverse reactions."
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Li D, Qiao F, Dai J, Xu M, Gong HY, Yang HM, Li JC, Huai D. Therapeutic effectiveness of intratympanic and retroauricular methylprednisolone sodium succinate for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss in diabetic patients. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 99576 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.99576]
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31
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"Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab has been shown to mediate the expression of various cytokines through the VEGF/STAT3/GFAP signaling pathway, which promotes retinal neuronal and vascular repair and delays DR progression. Combining intravitreal ranibizumab with glycemic control seems to provide even stronger protection against DR progression. These findings highlight the potential clinical significance of early interventions that target the VEGF pathway and offers new therapeutic strategies for the management and prevention of DR progression."
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Lin YT, Tan J, Tao YL, Hu WW, Wang YC, Huang J, Zhou Q, Xiao A. Effect of ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy via the vascular endothelial growth factor/STAT3/glial fibrillary acidic protein pathway. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 99473 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.99473]
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"This review elucidated how gut microbiota metabolites such as butyrate, ursodeoxycholic acid, Trp metabolites, and hydrogen sulfide can significantly enhance the healing process of diabetic wounds through various mechanisms. These include strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier, promoting endothelial progenitor cell function, activating angiogenesis-related factors, regulating oxidative stress, controlling immune inflammatory responses, and facilitating fibroblast migration. Although factors such as inter-individual differences, infection risks, treatment complexity, research limitations, and drug interactions may restrict the efficacy of these metabolites in different patients and pose challenges in clinical practice, FMT still holds undeniable potential in the healing of diabetic wounds and shows promising clinical application prospects. Future research should further investigate the direct impact and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota regulation in the relationship between gut microbiota and diseases."
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Xiong L, Huang YX, Mao L, Xu Y, Deng YQ. Targeting gut microbiota and its associated metabolites as a potential strategy for promoting would healing in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 98788 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.98788]
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"these results showed that Foxo1 inhibition enhanced INS-1 dedifferentiation, and β-cell dedifferentiation reinforced by Foxo1 inhibition was associated with metabolic pathway, MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt pathway. Meanwhile, the data showed that the expression of several ER stress-related genes was upregulated in dedifferentiated INS-1 cells, further indicating that Glu + PA induced β-cell dedifferentiation through ER stress"
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Wang LK, Kong CC, Yu TY, Sun HS, Yang L, Sun Y, Li MY, Wang W. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and forkhead box protein O1 inhibition mediate palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 95431 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.95431]
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34
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"This review proposes a new method for exploring the current research status of DE through scientometric analysis to identify new research hotspots. According to the results of the scientometric analysis, an in-depth and comprehensive review was carried out. This study used scientometrics to analyze the literature in the SCI-E database. Our research results reveal the research hotspots, the most productive countries, institutions, categories, journals, references, and keywords that have focused on DE since 2004. In addition, the review was based on the keywords with the highest frequency in keyword analysis. This article summarizes the inducing factors, comorbidities, pathogenesis, treatment, and animal models of DE to provide a new and unique perspective on its treatment. For clinicians, reminding patients to control their diet effectively, maintain a good attitude, and have scientifically recommended work and rest can help delay the related encephalopathy caused by diabetes. Further exploration of prevention and control measures for DE is critical. These findings reveal the current research hotspots and the gray areas of further research."
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Ye XW, Zhang HX, Li Q, Li CS, Zhao CJ, Xia LJ, Ren HM, Wang XX, Yang C, Wang YJ, Jiang SL, Xu XF, Li XR. Scientometric analysis and historical review of diabetic encephalopathy research: Trends and hotspots (2004-2023). World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 91200 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.91200]
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"It was with pleasure that I tracked the article quality of the following article – concerning the application of artificial intelligence in liver cancer surgery. Please see below:
1 Ethics: Not applicable given manuscript type
2 Methods: Not applicable given manuscript type
3 Results: Not applicable given manuscript type
4 Figures and tables: None provided
5 Biostatistics: Not applicable given manuscript type
6 References: The references are appropriate/up-to-date
7 Language: The is a concise/well written editorial
8 Caveats or drawbacks: None
"
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Chan SY, Twohig P. Artificial intelligence in liver cancer surgery: Predicting success before the first incision. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(16): 107221 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i16.107221]
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36
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"This review addresses metabolic products of gut microbiota concerning their T2DM impacts & its evaluation. However, patchy wound healing due to elevated blood sugar levels can be improved by low dose Imidazopyridine propionic acid (ImP) through LPS mediated angiogenesis. Alternatively, LPS mediated TLR-4 signalling leads to increased IL-10 and improved insulin sensitivity, promoting healing. Furthermore, LPS increases healing via direct actions of low-dose LPS on TLR-4. However, variability among hosts, complexity of treatment, and insufficient understanding of mechanisms impede advancement into practical application.
"
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Xiong L, Huang YX, Mao L, Xu Y, Deng YQ. Targeting gut microbiota and its associated metabolites as a potential strategy for promoting would healing in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 98788 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.98788]
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37
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"Dear author thank you for submitting the interesting case management. Though you had rule out most of the causes CCI in young age but the discussion on this should be elaborated and should mention the other important tests like serum homocysteine level and ANCA test to rule out primary vasculitis."
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Zheng WX, Liu LY. Urgent thrombolysis followed by percutaneous coronary intervention for the simultaneous acute cardio-cerebral ischemic attack: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2025; 13(21): 105816 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i21.105816]
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38
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"This paper evaluates beinaglutide's effects, finding modest but significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference at 0.1–0.2 mg TID over 12–24 weeks. However, no improvements occurred in blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profiles, or insulin resistance. Higher adverse events (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches) and thrice-daily injections raise tolerability concerns. Limitations include a lack of ethnic diversity, short follow-up, inconsistent comparators, and high dropout rates. The authors suggest developing extended-release formulations and conducting longer, more diverse trials examining cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes incidence, and mortality. While establishing groundwork, the research highlights the need for improved study designs to determine beinaglutide's clinical value."
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Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Ganakumar V, Nagendra L, Dutta D, Islam MR, Pappachan JM. Effect of beinaglutide, a thrice-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103244 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103244]
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"This paper demonstrates a high degree of objectivity, methodological rigor, and scientific quality, but it also reveals certain limitations and future research opportunities that deserve critical reflection. Regarding the results, the meta-analysis robustly consolidates data from over 4.9 million participants, presenting a statistically significant association between prediabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11–1.25). The statistical heterogeneity was low (I² = 27%), and publication bias was minimal based on funnel plot symmetry and Egger’s test. Nevertheless, being entirely observational, causality cannot be definitively inferred, and residual confounding by unmeasured variables (e.g., diet, physical activity) is still a critical unresolved issue. Also, the heterogeneity of prediabetes definitions across studies, unmeasured confounding, and lack of pathological subtype analysis in CRC limit the generalizability and depth of the conclusions. Notably, while the paper establishes an association, it does not address whether active intervention for prediabetes reduces CRC incidence, leaving an urgent open question for future longitudinal or interventional studies. The authors recognize these issues and propose future exploration into IL-17 pathways and the integration of metabolic parameters into CRC screening protocols as meaningful directions. In summary, this meta-analysis is a scientifically sound and valuable contribution that clarifies the elevated CRC risk among prediabetic individuals, underscores the biological plausibility through inflammatory and insulin-related mechanisms, and calls for more mechanistic and interventional research. For future studies, more uniform diagnostic criteria for prediabetes, consideration of diverse confounders, exploration of CRC pathological subtypes, and trials assessing whether controlling prediabetes alters CRC outcomes would further strengthen the field and directly address the limitations identified."
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Wang N, Zhao TY, Ma X. Increased colorectal cancer risk in prediabetes: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(5): 103403 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103403]
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40
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"Indeed, hepatic encephalopathy is one of the most common postoperative TIPS-related complications. In a meta-analysis of nine studies by Xu et al., it was shown that use of drugs (lactulose, rifaximin, albumin, and l-ornithin-l-aspartate) after TIPS may reduce the hepatic encephalopathy incidence. Currently, opinions on medical prophylaxis of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy are contradictory. For example, North American Practice-Based Recommendations consider it inappropriate in patients without a history of hepatic encephalopathy prior to TIPS.
Future prospective RCTs are needed to investigate the role for medical prophylaxis to prevent post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy."
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Xu XT, Jiang MJ, Fu YL, Xie F, Li JJ, Meng QH. Incidence and efficacy of strategies for preventing hepatic encephalopathy following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(4): 104890 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i4.104890]
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41
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"This study demonstrated that increased reflux burden on pre-transplant testing is associated with significant pulmonary function decline post-transplant. Pre-transplant reflux assessment may provide clinically relevant information in the prognostication and management of transplant recipients. The results are very interesting and will provide meaningful advice for treating patients in clinical lung transplantation. The authors had several publications on this topic before, promoting the authenticity and value of this study.
The ethics meets the requirement. The methods for analyzing samples and collecting patients’ information are clear. The results should be repeatable since the data analysis is adequate.
Overall, this is very interesting paper which provides helpful information about reflux in lung transplantation. "
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Lo WK, Fernandez AM, Feldman N, Sharma N, Goldberg HJ, Chan WW. Increased reflux burden on pre-transplant reflux testing independently predicts significant pulmonary function decline after lung transplantation. World J Transplant 2025; 15(3): 100111 [DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.100111]
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42
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"Recent epidemiological data support the assumption that the prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is increasing worldwide without significant advances in its treatment. Despite that, various methods have been tried in recent years. Over the last decade, different treatment methods have been explored to convert an inoperable case into a surgical one. In the study by Liu JJ, Zhou M, Yuan T, Huang ZY, Zhang ZY. Conversion treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities and challenges.World J Gastroenterol 2025;. 31(15): 104901 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i15.104901, the authors present in a systematic and deductive manner the clinical data available on the above topic. According to the data presented, conversion therapy for ICC can reduce tumor burden and enhance the likelihood of surgical resection. As emphasized by the authors, maintaining adequate liver remnant is crucial to prevent liver failure after hepatectomy, and this can be achieved in several ways.
Shortly, ways of sub-staging the disease in a selected group of patients according to strict criteria should be investigated more intensively to make this desperately prognostic carcinoma treatable. However, sub-staging the advanced neoplasm presents significant challenges in terms of the type and dosage of anti-cancer drugs and the criteria for their application. The importance of the forthcoming prospective studies also has a strong human element when facing these patients in daily clinical practice, fully realizing the impossibility of offering adequate treatment, even symptomatic."
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Liu JJ, Zhou M, Yuan T, Huang ZY, Zhang ZY. Conversion treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(15): 104901 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i15.104901]
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43
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"Although the manuscript is well written, number of references is only 150. Need more than 200 references for the review article of this journal.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs) are generally used for the management of complications of portal hypertension in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which impairs neuropsychiatric function and motor control, remains the primary adverse effect of TIPS, limiting its utility. Prompt prevention and treatment of post-TIPS HE are critical, as they are strongly associated with readmission rates and poor quality of life. This review focuses on the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post-TIPS HE, explores advanced biomarkers and predictive tools, and discusses current management strategies and future directions to prevent or reverse HE following TIPS. These strategies include preoperative patient assessment, individualized shunt diameter optimization, spontaneous portosystemic shunt embolization during the TIPS procedure, postoperative preventive and therapeutic measures such as nutrition management, medical therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, and stent reduction.
Li Y, Wu YT, Wu H. Management of hepatic encephalopathy following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: Current strategies and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(15): 103512 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i15.103512]"
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Li Y, Wu YT, Wu H. Management of hepatic encephalopathy following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: Current strategies and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(15): 103512 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i15.103512]
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"It was a pleasure tracking the article of the following article. Please see my comments below:
1 Ethics: N/A given manuscript type
2 Methods: N/A given manuscript type
3 Results: N/A given manuscript type
4 Figures and tables: The included figures/tables add to the readability of the manuscript
5 Biostatistics: N/A given manuscript type
6 References: The references are timely/appropriate
7 Language: This is a thorough and well-thought out review of the topic of interest
8 Caveats or drawbacks: None"
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Liu JJ, Zhou M, Yuan T, Huang ZY, Zhang ZY. Conversion treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(15): 104901 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i15.104901]
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45
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"This study has provided ethical approval and features a clear and reproducible methodology. The sample size is adequate, and the results are credible and reliable. Figures and tables are well-organized and clearly annotated. Statistical analyses are appropriate and well presented. The authors have cited relevant and up-to-date references in the field appropriately. The language is clear and concise throughout the manuscript. Although the study is retrospective and may have inherent biases, these were addressed through propensity score matching, lending the findings considerable reference value. A prospective multicenter study is recommended to further validate the generalizability of the results."
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Li X, Zhang XB, Shao JK, Zhang B, Li LS, Zhu RQ, Zou JL, Wang JF, Zhao X, Wu QZ, Chai NL, Linghu EQ. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia and patients with normal lower-esophageal-sphincter integrated relaxation pressure: A propensity-score-matched retrospective study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(12): 99846 [PMID: 40182601 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i12.99846]
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46
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"This is an excellent and timely article that captures the expanding role of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in nephrology with clarity and depth. The authors have done a commendable job highlighting both the practical utility and the common misconceptions surrounding POCUS, particularly in the context of renal diagnostics and volume status assessment. The discussion on its integration into nephrology training and practice is especially valuable, as it underscores the growing recognition of POCUS as a vital clinical skill. Additionally, the forward-looking perspective on future innovations and research directions adds meaningful insight into where the field is headed. A well-structured and informative read for both clinicians and trainees alike. I particularly appreciated the VEXUS score paragraph, a recent and revolutionary technique that can consistently help the clinicians to assess and monitor the fluid excess in our patients. "
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Diniz H, Ferreira F, Koratala A. Point-of-care ultrasonography in nephrology: Growing applications, misconceptions and future outlook. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(2): 105374 [DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.105374]
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"Please tell me the reason from the point of gut flora why genera Bacteroides, Campylobacter, peptostreptococcus, and pavimouas are abundant in CRC, while Faecalibacterium, haemophilus, and phocaicola are abundant in non-CRC. According to author's data, cancer occurs, the intestinal flora changes, and if the intestinal flora in CRC group is restored to normal through fecal transplantation, will the cancer regress?"
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Liu YL, Liu J. Gut microbiota plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(14): 105420 [PMID: 40248382 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i14.105420]
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48
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"Good article reflecting detailed discussion on 15 calcium ion channels that could be potential targets for T2DM treatment via AMPK. Thus, developing therapeutic targets. Authors stated "targeting calcium-permeable channels is a very promising direction in the exploration of new drugs for T2DM." However, challenges such as: The structures and functions of these channels, non availability of highly specific agonists and inhibitors for many of these channels
remains potential to achieve. Wishing them good luck for future endeavors."
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Zhu JX, Pan ZN, Li D. Intracellular calcium channels: Potential targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus? World J Diabetes 2025; 16(4): 98995 [PMID: 40236861 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i4.98995]
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49
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"Nabil Eid and Fabian Davamani wrote the Editorial review article, entitled 'Human β-defensin-1 activates autophagy in human colon cancer cells via regulation of long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506'. This document is indicative for journal readers in this field. Also, their algorithm is informative for journal readers. Further research is needed to explore the modulating effects of lncRNAs on autophagy pathways. LncRNAs in cancer cells could serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, assisting in tumor therapy.
"
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Eid N, Davamani F. Human β-defensin-1 activates autophagy in human colon cancer cells via regulation of long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(7): 2894-2901 [PMID: 39072156 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.2894]
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50
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"Yusuf Ilhan and Yakup Ergun wrote the Editorial review article, entitled 'Maximizing therapeutic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into combinatorial strategies'. This document is indicative for journal readers in this field. Combining TACE with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors shows promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes for HCC patients. Further exploration and validation of these combination therapies with TACE, as well as investigating other local treatment options for potential synergistic effects, are warranted to optimize HCC treatment strategies."
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Ilhan Y, Ergun Y. Maximizing therapeutic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into combinatorial strategies. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(7): 2888-2893 [PMID: 39072186 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.2888]
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