| ISSN |
1949-8462 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
Cardiovascular burden of long coronavirus disease: Clinical challenges and emerging biomarkers
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Carlos Eduardo Oliveira Aguiar, Juan Marcos Caram Costa, Marina Maria Gomes Leite Oliveira, Caio Ferraz Lopes, Pedro Henrique Melo Lima, Victoria Cenci Dietrich, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell and Fabrício Freire de Melo |
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
| Funding Agency |
Grant Number |
| CNPq Research Productivity Fellowship |
309110/2025-4 |
| CNPq Research Grant |
445479/2023-0 |
|
| Corresponding Author |
Fabrício Freire de Melo, Assistant Professor, PhD, Professor, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 58 Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil. freiremeloufba@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Long coronavirus disease; Cardiovascular sequelae; Biomarkers; Myocardial injury; Endothelial dysfunction; Risk stratification |
| Core Tip |
Long coronavirus disease (LC) is often accompanied by continuing cardiovascular complications, yet objective tools for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic monitoring remain limited. This review explores unresolved mechanisms and critically examines the role of conventional and emerging biomarkers in the cardiovascular sequelae of LC. We provide a critical appraisal of evidence strength and highlight gaps in clinical translation, including assay standardization, accessibility, and validation. Finally, we propose multimarker strategies and omics-based approaches as promising tools to support personalized interventions and improve long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with LC within clinical practice. |
| Publish Date |
2026-01-15 08:12 |
| Citation |
Aguiar CEO, Costa JMC, Oliveira MMGL, Lopes CF, Lima PHM, Dietrich VC, Grenfell RFQ, de Melo FF. Cardiovascular burden of long coronavirus disease: Clinical challenges and emerging biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(1): 112466 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i1/112466.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112466 |
