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3/13/2026 8:39:34 AM | Browse: 71 | Download: 126
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Received |
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2025-12-01 00:52 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-12-01 09:12 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-12-24 10:17 |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-12-24 10:17 |
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Revised |
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2025-12-30 17:04 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-02-05 02:41 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-02-05 12:55 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-02-05 12:55 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-03-11 00:36 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-03-13 08:28 |
| ISSN |
2220-3249 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Ophthalmology |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Matteo Capobianco, Francesco Cappellani, Federico Visalli, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, Simonetta Gaia Nicolosi, Marieme Khouyyi, Fabiana D’Esposito, Caterina Gagliano and Marco Zeppieri |
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Marco Zeppieri, Consultant, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p. le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy. mark.zeppieri@asufc.sanita.fvg.it |
| Key Words |
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis; Pediatric ophthalmology; Delayed-type hypersensitivity; Staphylococcus aureus; Tuberculosis; Ocular rosacea; Viral infection; Herpes simplex virus; COVID; Molluscum contagiosum |
| Core Tip |
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity disorder that often affects children. Triggers vary by setting: Mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis-endemic areas; staphylococcal lid disease and ocular rosacea elsewhere. A minority of cases have viral associations [herpes simplex virus (HSV), coronavirus disease, molluscum contagiosum, etc.] that mirror the same antigen-driven mechanism and should be managed by addressing the viral source-antivirals when HSV is plausible and excision/ablation for eyelid molluscum-alongside brief steroids, lid hygiene, targeted antibiotics, and topical cyclosporine to reduce recurrences and steroid burden. |
| Publish Date |
2026-03-13 08:28 |
| Citation |
Capobianco M, Cappellani F, Visalli F, Avitabile A, Gagliano G, Nicolosi SG, Khouyyi M, D’Esposito F, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117124 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v15/i1/117124.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.117124 |
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