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9/13/2023 6:21:16 AM | Browse: 252 | Download: 642
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Received |
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2023-06-23 11:04 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2023-06-23 11:09 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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Return for Revision |
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2023-08-04 07:49 |
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Revised |
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2023-08-14 16:03 |
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Second Decision |
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2023-08-21 03:10 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2023-08-21 08:02 |
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Articles in Press |
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2023-08-21 08:02 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2023-09-05 02:15 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2023-09-13 05:06 |
| ISSN |
2308-3840 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health |
| Manuscript Type |
Meta-Analysis |
| Article Title |
Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions
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| Manuscript Source |
Unsolicited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Peter Nicholas Lee, Katharine J Coombs and Jan S Hamling |
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Peter Nicholas Lee, MA, Senior Statistician, Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., 17 Cedar Road, Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom. peterlee@pnlee.co.uk |
| Key Words |
Cigarettes; Cigars; Pipes; Cardiovascular disease; Stroke; Meta-analysis; Review |
| Core Tip |
Recent North American and European studies indicate that current, compared to never cigarette smoking, increases risk in each sex by about 3-fold for acute myocardial infarction, about 2-fold for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and about 1.6-fold for stroke. More limited evidence from Japanese studies suggests a similar increase in risk for IHD, but a lower increase, of about 1.2-fold, for stroke. The increase in risk is greater in heavier smokers. Limited recent data for cigar or pipe smoking, all from North America, finds no evidence of an increased risk of IHD or stroke, one study reporting a significantly reduced risk of stroke in exclusive pipe smokers. Our findings are generally consistent with evidence from earlier studies. Cigarette smoking increases risk of all the three diseases studied, but by a much smaller factor than noted for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in our companion publication. Any increase in risk from cigar and pipe smoking has not been demonstrated. |
| Publish Date |
2023-09-13 05:06 |
| Citation |
Lee PN, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS. Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11(6): 290-312 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v11/i6/290.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.13105/wjma.v11.i6.290 |
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