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3/27/2024 1:51:18 PM | Browse: 197 | Download: 297
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Received |
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2023-12-27 13:10 |
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2023-12-27 13:10 |
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2024-01-13 16:42 |
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Revised |
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2024-01-24 15:11 |
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2024-03-04 02:52 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2024-03-04 06:32 |
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Articles in Press |
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2024-03-04 06:32 |
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2024-03-01 12:48 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2024-03-13 03:29 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2024-03-27 13:28 |
ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
Article Title |
Hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment and check point inhibitors-current status
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Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
All Author List |
Tarana Gupta and Nikhil Sai Jarpula |
Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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Corresponding Author |
Tarana Gupta, MBBS, MD, Professor, Researcher, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, House No. 1065A Sector 1, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India. taranagupta@gmail.com |
Key Words |
Hepatocellular carcinoma; Tumour immune microenvironment; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Atezolizumab; Bevacizumab; Pembrolizumab |
Core Tip |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prototype of inflammation associated cancer. Its varied etiology from viral to alcohol and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, tumor extent, intrahepatic spread, vascular invasion and metastases along with underlying severity of liver dysfunction make it a complex scenario for adequate management. The recent elaboration of tumor microenvironment revealing immunogenic milieu and bringing the concept of “Cold” and “Hot” tumor opened the way for evaluation of immunotherapy in HCC. In recent years, with use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is a paradigm shift in management of advanced and unresectable HCC. With use of combination regime including immune checkpoint inhibitors and trans arterial chemoembolization/ablation/tyrosine kinase inhibitors, there is an ongoing effort at improving disease outcomes and minimizing the adverse events. |
Publish Date |
2024-03-27 13:28 |
Citation |
Gupta T, Jarpula NS. Hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment and check point inhibitors-current status. World J Hepatol 2024; 16 (3): 353-365 |
URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i3/353.htm |
DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.353 |
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