Publication Name	World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
Manuscript ID	101982
Country	India

Received	2024-10-03 15:15
Peer-Review Started	2024-10-03 15:15
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2025-02-07 09:24
Revised	2025-02-19 04:32
Second Decision	2025-02-25 02:50
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2025-02-25 09:22
Articles in Press	2025-02-25 09:22
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2025-03-04 08:51
Publish the Manuscript Online	2025-03-18 07:12

ISSN	2219-2808 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Category	Genetics & Heredity
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Genetic and environmental factors contributing to anophthalmia and microphthalmia: Current understanding and future directions
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Shiwali Goyal, Shailja Tibrewal, Ria Ratna and Vanita Vanita
ORCID	Author(s) ORCID Number Shiwali Goyal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-774X Shailja Tibrewal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-9818 Ria Ratna http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0675-0658 Vanita Vanita http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-6641
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Vanita Vanita, PhD, Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Grand Trunk Road, Off NH 1, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. vanita_kumar@yahoo.com
Key Words	Anophthalmia; Microphthalmia; Eye development; SRY-Box 2; Orthodenticle homeobox 2
Core Tip	Anophthalmia (absence of one or both eyes) and microphthalmia (small eye within the orbit) are rare congenital conditions, affecting up to 30 per 100000 individuals. These malformations can occur independently or as a part of a syndrome, with complex genetic basis involving over 90 genes. Environmental factors like maternal infections, VAD, and toxin exposure also contribute to their development. Both conditions exhibit significant variability, making diagnosis and management challenging. This review discusses genetic and environmental influences on anophthalmia and microphthalmia, highlighting promising research areas such as multiomic approaches and stem-cell based models for potential therapeutic advancements.
Publish Date	2025-03-18 07:12
Citation	<p>Goyal S, Tibrewal S, Ratna R, Vanita V. Genetic and environmental factors contributing to anophthalmia and microphthalmia: Current understanding and future directions. <i>World J Clin Pediatr</i> 2025; 14(2): 101982</p>
URL	https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v14/i2/101982.htm
DOI	https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i2.101982

Full Article (PDF)	WJCP-14-101982-with-cover.pdf
Manuscript File	101982_Auto_Edited_094112.docx
Answering Reviewers	101982-answering-reviewers.pdf
Audio Core Tip	101982-audio.mp4
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure Form	101982-conflict-of-interest-statement.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	101982-copyright-assignment.pdf
Non-Native Speakers of English Editing Certificate	101982-non-native-speakers.pdf
Peer-review Report	101982-peer-reviews.pdf
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Scientific Editor Work List	101982-scientific-editor-work-list.pdf
CrossCheck Report	101982-crosscheck-report.pdf