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Articles Published Processes
8/12/2025 8:18:30 AM | Browse: 3 | Download: 14
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Received |
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2024-12-20 11:32 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2024-12-23 08:55 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-04-08 05:28 |
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Revised |
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2025-04-21 17:45 |
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Second Decision |
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2025-07-18 02:46 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2025-07-18 13:43 |
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Articles in Press |
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2025-07-18 13:43 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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2025-07-24 18:35 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2025-08-01 01:29 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2025-08-12 08:18 |
| ISSN |
2220-315x (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Ophthalmology |
| Manuscript Type |
Field of Vision |
| Article Title |
Ophthalmological manifestations in autoimmune diseases: Overcoming diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Issa El Kaouri, Ioannis Deligiannis, Konstantina Bakopoulou, Paraskevas Panagiotis Sdralis, Viara Shoumnalieva-Ivanova, Russka Shumnalieva and Tsvetelina Velikova |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Issa El Kaouri, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Boulevard ‘Akademik Ivan Evstratiev Geshov’ 15, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria. 104166@students.mu-sofia.bg |
| Key Words |
Autoimmune diseases; Ophthalmological manifestations; Uveitis; Keratitis; Optic neuritis; Scleritis; Episcleritis; Diagnosis; Biomarkers; Management; Therapeutic challenges |
| Core Tip |
Early detection of symptoms related to ocular manifestations in autoimmune diseases, leading to vision-threatening conditions such as uveitis and optical neuritis, is critical to preventing irreversible damage. Advanced diagnostic tools and useful serological biomarkers offer improved accuracy but remain underutilized. Effective management requires balancing symptom control with minimizing immunosuppression risks and emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists and rheumatologists. Continued research is vital to address unmet clinical needs and optimize outcomes. |
| Publish Date |
2025-08-12 08:18 |
| Citation |
<p>El Kaouri I, Deligiannis I, Bakopoulou K, Sdralis PP, Shoumnalieva-Ivanova V, Shumnalieva R, Velikova T. Ophthalmological manifestations in autoimmune diseases: Overcoming diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. <i>World J Exp Med</i> 2025; 15(3): 104431</p> |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315X/full/v15/i3/104431.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.104431 |
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