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Articles Published Processes
9/17/2025 8:57:38 AM | Browse: 54 | Download: 22
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Received |
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2025-04-14 03:13 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-04-15 00:02 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-05-01 03:14 |
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Revised |
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2025-05-14 10:17 |
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Second Decision |
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2025-08-04 02:52 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2025-08-04 10:41 |
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Articles in Press |
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2025-08-04 10:41 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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2025-08-10 01:16 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2025-09-10 08:00 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2025-09-17 08:57 |
| ISSN |
2220-6124 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
Saliva-based diagnostics offer a promising, non-invasive alternative for monitoring chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in resource-limited or outpatient settings. This review highlights that salivary urea and creatinine, especially via the spitting method, show consistent correlations with serum levels, supporting their potential use in CKD screening and monitoring. However, salivary parathyroid hormone and calcium exhibit weaker associations due to physiological and analytical limitations. Standardization of collection methods and further mechanistic and clinical research are essential to optimize the clinical utility of salivary biomarkers in CKD. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Chemistry, Analytical |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Saliva as a non-invasive biomarker for chronic kidney disease: Challenges and potential in disease monitoring
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Mohammad Abu Raihan Uddin, Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, Wan Nor Fazila Hafizan Wan Nik, Wan Nor Arifin and Salbiah Isa |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail, Associate Professor, Endocrinology laboratory, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. tusti@usm.my |
| Key Words |
Chronic kidney disease; Salivary biomarkers; Non-invasive diagnostics; Saliva-based monitoring |
| Core Tip |
Saliva-based diagnostics offer a promising, non-invasive alternative for monitoring chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in resource-limited or outpatient settings. This review highlights that salivary urea and creatinine, especially via the spitting method, show consistent correlations with serum levels, supporting their potential use in CKD screening and monitoring. However, salivary parathyroid hormone and calcium exhibit weaker associations due to physiological and analytical limitations. Standardization of collection methods and further mechanistic and clinical research are essential to optimize the clinical utility of salivary biomarkers in CKD. |
| Publish Date |
2025-09-17 08:57 |
| Citation |
<p>Abu Raihan Uddin M, Tuan Ismail TS, Wan Nik WNFH, Arifin WN, Isa S. Saliva as a non-invasive biomarker for chronic kidney disease: Challenges and potential in disease monitoring. <i>World J Nephrol</i> 2025; 14(3): 108406</p> |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v14/i3/108406.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.108406 |
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