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Articles Published Processes
10/24/2025 9:58:11 AM | Browse: 5 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-04-18 05:13 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-04-18 05:13 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-05-17 08:45 |
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Revised |
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2025-05-31 08:41 |
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Second Decision |
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2025-09-18 02:54 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2025-09-19 02:10 |
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Articles in Press |
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2025-09-19 02:10 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2025-10-17 02:09 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2025-10-24 09:58 |
| ISSN |
1949-8462 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Kristoffer Ken Ralota and Jamie Layland |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Jamie Layland, Consultant, FRACP, MD, MRCP, PhD, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Medicine, Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston 3199, Victoria, Australia. jlayland@phcn.vic.gov.au |
| Key Words |
Provocation testing; Coronary microvascular dysfunction; Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries; Coronary vasospasm; Vasospastic angina |
| Core Tip |
Vasospastic angina (VSA) is an under-recognized but clinically significant cause of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. This narrative review provides an up-to-date revision of VSA pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies including provocation testing, and current guideline-recommended management. It also highlights promising emerging therapies—such as Rho-kinase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and immunomodulatory agents—offering new hope for patients with refractory symptoms. Recognizing and treating VSA proactively can reduce adverse events and improve quality of life in this high-risk yet often overlooked condition. |
| Publish Date |
2025-10-24 09:58 |
| Citation |
<p>Ralota KK, Layland J. Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches. <i>World J Cardiol</i> 2025; 17(10): 108594</p> |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i10/108594.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594 |
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