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Articles Published Processes
9/25/2025 11:24:05 AM | Browse: 76 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-06-03 08:22 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-06-03 08:22 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-06-11 03:51 |
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Revised |
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2025-06-19 13:51 |
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Second Decision |
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2025-08-22 02:39 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2025-08-22 05:56 |
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Articles in Press |
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2025-08-22 05:56 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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2025-08-29 12:18 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2025-09-17 06:38 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2025-09-25 11:24 |
| ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
‘Difficult to treat’ and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in the pharmacological management
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Sayan Malakar, Umair Shamsul Hoda, Suprabhat Giri, Arghya Samanta, Akash Roy, Rajat Gupta, S Rakesh Kumar, Mayank Agarwal, Anubhav Pawar, Sumit Rungta and Uday C Ghoshal |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Sumit Rungta, Additional Professor, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. drsumitrungta79@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Autoimmune hepatitis; Difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis; steroid; Azathioprine; Mycophenolate mofetil; Cirrhosis |
| Core Tip |
Immunosupressive therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis. However, managing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in special situations and conditions 10, i.e., acute-on-chronic-liver failure, pregnancy, old age, hepatitis B and co-infection can be challenging. Between 10% and 20% of patients may not respond to standard first-line immunosuppressive therapy. This review focuses on the individualised management of patients with difficult to treat or refractory AIH and recent advances of the second and third line immunosupressive therapy. |
| Publish Date |
2025-09-25 11:24 |
| Citation |
<p>Malakar S, Shamsul Hoda U, Giri S, Samanta A, Roy A, Gupta R, Kumar SR, Agarwal M, Pawar A, Rungta S, Ghoshal UC. ‘Difficult to treat’ and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in the pharmacological management. <i>World J Hepatol</i> 2025; 17(9): 110264</p> |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i9/110264.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i9.110264 |
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