BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Articles Published Processes
9/25/2025 11:24:05 AM | Browse: 171 | Download: 269
 |
Received |
|
2025-06-03 08:22 |
|
Peer-Review Started |
|
2025-06-03 08:22 |
|
First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
|
2025-06-11 03:51 |
|
Return for Revision |
|
2025-06-11 03:51 |
|
Revised |
|
2025-06-19 13:51 |
 |
Publication Fee Transferred |
|
|
|
Second Decision by Editor |
|
2025-08-22 02:39 |
|
Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
|
|
|
Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
|
2025-08-22 05:56 |
|
Articles in Press |
|
2025-08-22 05:56 |
|
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
|
2025-08-29 12:18 |
|
Typeset the Manuscript |
|
2025-09-17 06:38 |
|
Publish the Manuscript Online |
|
2025-09-25 11:24 |
| ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
|
| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
|
| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
‘Difficult to treat’ and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in the pharmacological management
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Sayan Malakar, Umair Shamsul Hoda, Suprabhat Giri, Arghya Samanta, Akash Roy, Rajat Gupta, S Rakesh Kumar, Mayank Agarwal, Anubhav Pawar, Sumit Rungta and Uday C Ghoshal |
| ORCID |
|
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
|
| Corresponding Author |
Sumit Rungta, Additional Professor, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. drsumitrungta79@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Autoimmune hepatitis; Difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis; steroid; Azathioprine; Mycophenolate mofetil; Cirrhosis |
| Core Tip |
Immunosupressive therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis. However, managing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in special situations and conditions 10, i.e., acute-on-chronic-liver failure, pregnancy, old age, hepatitis B and co-infection can be challenging. Between 10% and 20% of patients may not respond to standard first-line immunosuppressive therapy. This review focuses on the individualised management of patients with difficult to treat or refractory AIH and recent advances of the second and third line immunosupressive therapy. |
| Publish Date |
2025-09-25 11:24 |
| Citation |
Malakar S, Shamsul Hoda U, Giri S, Samanta A, Roy A, Gupta R, Kumar SR, Agarwal M, Pawar A, Rungta S, Ghoshal UC. ‘Difficult to treat’ and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in the pharmacological management. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(9): 110264 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i9/110264.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i9.110264 |
All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
