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Articles Published Processes
1/12/2026 10:07:42 AM | Browse: 0 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-09-17 06:19 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-09-17 06:20 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-10-18 03:10 |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-10-19 06:48 |
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Revised |
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2025-10-31 18:07 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2025-12-16 02:39 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-12-16 03:16 |
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Articles in Press |
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2025-12-16 03:16 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-01-04 02:06 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-01-12 10:07 |
| ISSN |
1948-5204 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Surgery |
| Manuscript Type |
Field of Vision |
| Article Title |
Clinical applications of indocyanine green fluorescence for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Gaetano Piccolo, Matteo Barabino, Laura Benuzzi, Giampaolo Formisano and Paolo Pietro Bianchi |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Gaetano Piccolo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan 20142, Lombardy, Italy. gpiccolo1983@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Indocyanine green fluorescence; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Minimally invasive liver resection; Laparoscopic thermal ablation; Fluorescence patterns; Tumour characteristics |
| Core Tip |
We report the clinical application of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In minimally invasive surgery, ICG is used for precise delineation of hepatic segments during anatomical liver resection. This innovative technique can also serve as a powerful tool for detecting superficial HCC in patients with macronodular cirrhosis through intravenous ICG injection prior to surgery. In some cases, ICG can also be employed to assess tumor remnants during laparoscopic thermal ablation. A proven correlation exists between ICG fluorescence patterns and tumor differentiation. Strong and homogeneous fluorescence is typical of well-differentiated HCC, while moderately differentiated HCC exhibits partial fluorescence, and poorly differentiated HCC is characterized by rim-type fluorescence. The relationship between ICG fluorescence patterns and microinvasive components is of particular interest, such as vascular microinfiltration of the portal or hepatic veins, bile duct infiltration, and the presence of satellite nodules. Finally, a new frontier in ICG fluorescence lies in its ability to identify lymphatic drainage pathways and sentinel lymph nodes during surgery, although further research is needed to optimize its application. |
| Publish Date |
2026-01-12 10:07 |
| Citation |
Piccolo G, Barabino M, Benuzzi L, Formisano G, Bianchi PP. Clinical applications of indocyanine green fluorescence for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(1): 114339 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i1/114339.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i1.114339 |
© 2004-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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