| ISSN |
1948-9358 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Ophthalmology |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
Beyond glycemia: The influence of systemic inflammation, lipids, and the gut-retina axis in diabetic retinopathy
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Marco Zeppieri, Alessandro Drigo, Matteo Capobianco, Federico Visalli, Francesco Cappellani, Mutali Musa, Rosa Giglio, Daniele Tognetto, Marieme Khouyyi, Caterina Gagliano, Fabiana D’Esposito and Leandro Inferrera |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Marco Zeppieri, Consultant, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, Udine 33100, Italy. mark.zeppieri@asufc.sanita.fvg.it |
| Key Words |
Systemic inflammation; Gut-retina axis; Dyslipidemia; Diabetic retinopathy; Metabolic memory |
| Core Tip |
Diabetic retinopathy is becoming recognized as a systemic condition affected not just by chronic hyperglycemia but also by ongoing inflammation, lipid dysregulation, and abnormalities in the gut flora. These interrelated pathways lead to retinal vascular impairment, neurodegeneration, and disease advancement. Identifying these characteristics provides a comprehensive framework for understanding disease pathophysiology and discovering novel therapeutic targets that extend beyond glycemic control. |
| Publish Date |
2026-03-12 09:18 |
| Citation |
Zeppieri M, Drigo A, Capobianco M, Visalli F, Cappellani F, Musa M, Giglio R, Tognetto D, Khouyyi M, Gagliano C, D’Esposito F, Inferrera L. Beyond glycemia: The influence of systemic inflammation, lipids, and the gut-retina axis in diabetic retinopathy. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(3): 114603 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i3/114603.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i3.114603 |
