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Articles Published Processes
6/30/2026 1:35:11 PM | Browse: 0 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-10-20 01:50 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-10-20 01:50 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-12-24 10:20 |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-12-24 10:20 |
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Revised |
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2026-01-02 14:44 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-02-05 02:47 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-02-05 08:26 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-02-05 08:26 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-06-30 04:04 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-06-30 13:35 |
| ISSN |
1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Opinion Review |
| Article Title |
Ethnic divergence in human leukocyte antigen-linked immunogenicity in inflammatory bowel disease
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Taly Issa and Iyad Issa |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Iyad Issa, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Harley Street Medical Center, Marina Village, Villa No. A21, Abu Dhabi 41475, United Arab Emirates. iyadissa71@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Inflammatory bowel disease; Anti-drug antibodies; Human leukocyte antigen genotyping; Immunogenicity; Precision medicine; Therapeutic drug monitoring; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis |
| Core Tip |
This opinion review contextualizes the landmark findings, which identified human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C*03:04:01 and HLA-B*15:18:01 as ethnic-specific risk alleles for anti-drug antibody formation in Taiwanese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients receiving infliximab and adalimumab, respectively, challenging the universality of HLA-DQA1*05 as a pharmacogenomic predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor immunogenicity. We integrate these findings within: (1) The shifting global IBD epidemiology; (2) Four-digit allele subtype behavior in European and East Asian populations; (3) Mechanistic pathways including cross-presentation, peptide-groove structural specificity, and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor-mediated tolerance regulation; (4) The complementary roles of immunomodulator co-therapy and therapeutic drug monitoring; and (5) The broader precision pharmacogenomics agenda in IBD. Global multi-ethnic collaboration to validate allele-immunogenicity associations is an ethical and clinical imperative. |
| Publish Date |
2026-06-30 13:35 |
| Citation |
Issa T, Issa I. Ethnic divergence in human leukocyte antigen-linked immunogenicity in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(25): 115526
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| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i25/115526.htm |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.115526 |
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