| ISSN |
1949-8462 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Medicine, General & Internal |
| Manuscript Type |
Systematic Reviews |
| Article Title |
Non-traditional risk factors for myocardial infarction in adults under forty: A systematic review of emerging trends
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Tirath Patel, Muhammad Farhan, Nehal K Bhatt, Hewaz A Fatah, Joel J Peniel, Ved V Kaulgud, Tisimol Mathew, Aashita M Bapat, Waleed SS Harazeen, Abdullatif N Alatta and Ayoola Awosika |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Ayoola Awosika, MD, Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Bloomington, IL 61601, United States. ayoolaawosika@yahoo.com |
| Key Words |
Acute myocardial infarction; Coronary artery disease; ST-elevation myocardial infarction; Young adult |
| Core Tip |
Non-traditional risk factors such as psychosocial stressors, autoimmune disorders, biological aging and specific lifestyle and environmental exposures play a significant role in myocardial infarction risk and outcome among individuals aged < 40 years. Psychosocial factors like depression, low socioeconomic status, and unpartnered status were significantly associated with adverse events, especially among young women. Autoimmune diseases and inflammation indicators, as well as sleep disorders and unhealthy lifestyle patterns, additionally improved the risk. |
| Publish Date |
2026-02-09 07:34 |
| Citation |
Patel T, Farhan M, Bhatt NK, Fatah HA, Peniel JJ, Kaulgud VV, Mathew T, Bapat AM, Harazeen WS, Alatta AN, Awosika A. Non-traditional risk factors for myocardial infarction in adults under forty: A systematic review of emerging trends. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(2): 116172 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i2/116172.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.116172 |
