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5/26/2026 3:52:08 AM | Browse: 0 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-11-26 02:38 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-11-26 02:38 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-12-12 08:41 |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-12-12 08:41 |
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Revised |
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2026-01-05 16:45 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-02-09 02:44 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-02-09 11:11 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-02-09 11:11 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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2026-02-12 22:42 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-03-30 14:20 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-05-26 03:52 |
| ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Muscle cramps in liver cirrhosis: Pathophysiology, burden, and emerging therapeutic approaches
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Hajira Z Malik, Caitlin Marshall, Ahmed Al-Khazraji and Rajab Idriss |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Assistant Professor, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States. aa2758@njms.rutgers.edu |
| Key Words |
Cirrhosis; Muscle cramps; Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Involuntary contractions; Nerve stimulation; L-carnitine |
| Core Tip |
Muscle cramps are an overlooked but highly debilitating complication of liver cirrhosis, affecting up to 88% of patients and severely impairing quality of life. Despite their prevalence, cramps remain undertreated due to limited clinician awareness and the absence of guideline directed therapy. This review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology; including nerve hyperexcitability, altered amino acid metabolism, and energy depletion and highlights emerging therapeutic options such as taurine, L-carnitine, branched-chain amino acids, muscle relaxants, and albumin infusion. By summarizing available data and identifying gaps requiring larger randomized trials, this review provides clinicians with a practical framework to better recognize, evaluate, and manage muscle cramps in cirrhosis. |
| Publish Date |
2026-05-26 03:52 |
| Citation |
Malik HZ, Marshall C, Al-Khazraji A, Idriss R. Muscle cramps in liver cirrhosis: Pathophysiology, burden, and emerging therapeutic approaches. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(5): 117010 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i5/117010.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v18.i5.117010 |
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