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Articles Published Processes
5/18/2026 8:33:16 AM | Browse: 0 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2025-12-01 01:49 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2025-12-02 03:28 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2025-12-23 10:24 |
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Return for Revision |
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2025-12-23 10:24 |
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Revised |
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2025-12-28 19:34 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-02-12 02:44 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-02-12 08:16 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-02-12 08:16 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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2026-02-18 02:33 |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-05-07 02:54 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-05-18 08:33 |
| ISSN |
2218-5836 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Surgery |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
Pathophysiology and current understanding of degenerative disc disease: A brief review
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Lidija Gradisnik, Borut Prestor, Tilen Zele, Nina Kocivnik, Uros Maver and Tomaz Velnar |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
| Funding Agency |
Grant Number |
| Slovenian Research Agency |
No. J3-60058 |
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| Corresponding Author |
Tomaz Velnar, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. tvelnar@hotmail.com |
| Key Words |
Intervertebral disc; Degenerative disc disease; Degeneration; Cytokines; Cellular senescence; Treatment |
| Core Tip |
Degenerative disc disease is a multifactorial condition caused by genetic, mechanical, metabolic, and environmental factors that disrupt disc homeostasis, resulting in chronic back pain and disability. Key pathological mechanisms include extracellular matrix degradation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflammation mediated by cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 via NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. While current treatments primarily address symptoms, emerging regenerative approaches, including mesenchymal stem cell therapy, biomaterial scaffolds, and gene-based interventions, aim to restore disc structure and function. Integrating molecular, biomechanical, and regenerative insights offers promise for achieving true biological disc repair. |
| Publish Date |
2026-05-18 08:33 |
| Citation |
Gradisnik L, Prestor B, Zele T, Kocivnik N, Maver U, Velnar T. Pathophysiology and current understanding of degenerative disc disease: A brief review. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 117153 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i5/117153.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.117153 |
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