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Articles Published Processes
10/9/2026 4:02:36 AM | Browse: 1 | Download: 2
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Received |
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2026-02-12 01:22 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2026-02-12 01:27 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-02-25 08:01 |
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Return for Revision |
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2026-02-25 08:01 |
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Revised |
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2026-02-26 21:13 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-05-07 03:24 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-05-07 09:59 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-05-07 09:59 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-09-10 09:07 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-10-09 04:02 |
| ISSN |
2219-2808 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. |
| Copyright |
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems |
| Manuscript Type |
Evidence Review |
| Article Title |
Fontan-related protein-losing enteropathy: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and current therapies
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Eman Al Atrash, Doaa Zourob, Huda Alghfeli and Antoine AbdelMassih |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Eman Al Atrash, MD, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Mediclinic Airport Hospital, Airport Road, Abu Dhabi 971, United Arab Emirates. emanalatrash8@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Protein-losing enteropathy; Hypoalbuminemia; Intestinal lymphangiectasia; Fontan circulation; Lymphatic disorders |
| Core Tip |
Fontan-associated protein-losing enteropathy is a rare but life-threatening complication of Fontan circulation, driven by abnormal hemodynamics, lymphatic dysfunction, and intestinal barrier injury. This review synthesizes current understanding of protein-losing enteropathy pathophysiology and highlights contemporary management strategies, including nutritional optimization, targeted pharmacologic therapies, and emerging lymphatic interventions. Particular emphasis is placed on individualized, mechanism-based treatment and the evolving role of advanced imaging and interventional techniques. Improved recognition and multidisciplinary care have enhanced outcomes; however, refractory disease remains challenging, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. |
| Publish Date |
2026-10-09 04:02 |
| Citation |
Al Atrash E, Zourob D, Alghfeli H, AbdelMassih A. Fontan-related protein-losing enteropathy: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and current therapies. World J Clin Pediatr 2026; 15(4): 119970
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| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v15/i4/119970.htm |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.119970 |
Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA. All rights reserved, including rights relating to text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open-access content, the applicable copyright and licensing terms govern.
