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Articles Published Processes
9/8/2026 3:16:27 AM | Browse: 0 | Download: 0
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Received |
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2026-04-10 06:21 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2026-04-10 06:22 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-04-29 10:34 |
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Return for Revision |
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2026-04-29 10:34 |
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Revised |
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2026-05-25 01:08 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2026-06-12 02:34 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2026-06-12 06:33 |
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Articles in Press |
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2026-06-12 06:33 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2026-08-03 07:40 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2026-09-08 03:16 |
| ISSN |
2150-5330 (online) |
| Open Access |
Open-Access: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. |
| Copyright |
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Pathophysiological management of gastric varices: From hemodynamics to targeted therapies
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Suprabhat Giri, Ranjan K Patel, Tara Prasad Tripathy, Dibya Lochan Praharaj and Radhika Chavan |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Suprabhat Giri, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kushabhadra Campus, 5, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India. supg19167@gmail.com |
| Key Words |
Gastric varices; Portal hypertension; Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; Endoscopic ultrasound |
| Core Tip |
Gastric varices require a pathophysiology-driven management strategy distinct from esophageal varices. Therapy selection should be guided by hemodynamic classification, integrating Sarin (location), Kiyosue and Saad-Caldwell (inflow-outflow anatomy), and clinical factors. Shunt-dominant varices are best treated with Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration or its variants, while pressure-dominant disease requires a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for global decompression. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil ± glue therapy offers precise, flow-directed treatment in complex anatomy or high-risk patients. Clinical modifiers such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, liver reserve, and portal vein patency are critical in decision-making. A multidisciplinary approach combining endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical modalities is essential for optimal and durable outcomes. |
| Publish Date |
2026-09-08 03:16 |
| Citation |
Giri S, Patel RK, Tripathy TP, Praharaj DL, Chavan R. Pathophysiological management of gastric varices: From hemodynamics to targeted therapies. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2026; 17(3): 122115
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| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v17/i3/122115.htm |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.122115 |
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